Treaty of Neutrality between France and the Two Sicilies3.1120 Convention Respecting Neutrality and
Subsidies
Alliance Members:France and Portugal
Signed On:March 19, 1804, in the city of Lisbon
Alliance Type:Neutrality Pact (Type II)
Source:Consolidated Treaty Series,vol. 57, p. 327.
SUMMARY
Following the resumption of war between the French and the British,
resulting from the breach of the Treaty at Amiens, France increased
diplomacy with Portugal. The final treaty signed in March 1804 secured
French neutrality toward Portugal for the sum of 16 million francs.
Portuguese commitments to the French were tenuous at best. Portugal
was weary of French military might and had a strong incentive to
avoid the prospects of war. Portugal was also dependent on British
commerce and open movement on the Atlantic Ocean in order to rule
its colonies, an incentive that proved stronger than this treaty with
France. Thus, when Napoleon approached the Portuguese about join-
ing the Continental System to boycott British commerce, Portugal
refused. Napoleon responded by invading Portugal in 1808, with
Spanish aid. The Peninsular War followed, resulting in a French defeat
and the Treaty of Fontainebleau in 1814.
Description of Terms
France accepted that the obligations imposed on Portugal by
the treaty of September 29, 1801, would be converted to a sub-
sidy of 16 million francs. Portugal would allow in its borders
jewelry, silk, and lace with tariffs that would be established as
soon as possible. That tariff would be similar to the tariffs most
favored nations receive in Portugal. The tariffs would be exe-
cuted only after the war between France and England.
Portugal would take care of all the reclamations of the
French citizens resulting from the recent war between France
and Portugal. The privileges that France was then enjoying
would also be given to the Italian, Helvetian, and Batavian
republics.
By this treaty, France also recognized Portugal’s neutrality in
the present conflict.
3.1121 Treaty of Alliance between Baden and
France
Alliance Members:Baden and France
Signed On:September 5, 1805, in the city of Baden (Germany)
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:Consolidated Treaty Series,vol. 58, p. 207.
SUMMARY
Despite having previously fought against the French during the French
Revolutionary Wars, Charles Frederick, elector of Baden, remained on
relatively good terms with the French Republic. France felt that
Charles Frederick would be useful to France in its war efforts against
Austria, and in order to prop Baden as a balance against Austria,
France signed several treaties increasing Baden’s size and Charles Fred-
erick’s power and rank in exchange for neutrality and free passage of
French troops through Baden.
In 1805, Charles Frederick and the French Republic then signed this
alliance. In exchange for 3,000 troops from Baden to assist the French
military in Germany, France agreed to upgrade Baden to the status of
a grand duchy. The following year, Baden joined the Confederation of
the Rhine. By courting Bavaria and Württemberg into the alliance
with France and the Confederation of the Rhine, Baden played an
important role in the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.Description of Terms
France guaranteed the independence of Baden. Because of the
interests Baden had in the results of a war between Austria and
France, Baden pledged to provide 3,000 men to France as soon
as its armies penetrated Germany. Baden would also try to pre-
vent any sale of horses, weapons, and food to the enemies of
France. France promised to include Baden in all its peace
treaties while Baden promised to close its borders to all French
refugees.3.1122 Treaty of Neutrality between France
and the Two Sicilies
Alliance Members:France and the Two Sicilies
Signed On:September 21, 1805, in the city of Paris
Alliance Type:Neutrality Pact (Type II)
Source:Consolidated Treaty Series,vol. 58, p. 211.SUMMARY
During the Napoleonic Wars, France tried to secure neutrality from
the Kingdom of Naples specifically pertaining to the French conflict
with the British, and with this treaty of neutrality signed in September
1805 Naples vowed to remain neutral in the conflict. Nevertheless,
King Ferdinand eventually decided to join the Third Coalition against
France, a decision that led to disastrous consequences. With the Third
Coalition effectively defeated at Austerlitz and allied troops withdrawn
from Italy, the Kingdom of Naples was left at France’s mercy. France
quickly routed the Kingdom of Naples and replaced the king with
Napoleon’s brother.
The French legacy in Naples survived Napoleon’s defeat in 1814, but
after Naples supported Napoleon in the War of the Seventh Coalition,
Austria invaded Naples and restored the Bourbon monarchy in 1815.Description of Terms
The king of the Two Sicilies promised to remain neutral and to
resist anyone that defied its neutrality. The Two Sicilies pledged
to not accept any belligerent troops on its territory and would
practice all the rules of neutrality. France pledged to pull back
from the Kingdom of Naples.
This neutrality pledge was set to last for the duration of the
war. The Two Sicilies would never recognize the sovereignty of
the English on the island of Malta.