Treaty between France and Great Britain and Sweden-Norway (Treaty of Stockholm)of Russia, having for its object the Cessation of Hostilities, with-
out having come to an understanding thereupon between
themselves.
Deliberations in case of Non-conclusion of General Peace.
ART. V. In case the re-establishment of General Peace, upon the
bases indicated in Article I, should not be assured in the course
of the present year, Her Majesty the Queen of the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, His Majesty the Emperor of
Austria, and His Majesty the Emperor of the French, will delib-
erate without delay upon effectual means for obtaining the
object of their Alliance.
Invitation to Prussia to accede to Convention.
ART. VI. Great Britain, Austria, and France will jointly commu-
nicate the present Treaty to the Court of Prussia, and will with
satisfaction receive its Accession thereto, in case it should prom-
ise its co-operation for the accomplishment of the common
object.
Ratifications.
ART. VII. The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the Ratifica-
tions shall be exchanged at Vienna in the space of a fortnight.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have
signed the same, and have affixed thereto the Seal of their Arms.
Done at Vienna, the 2nd of December, in the year of Our
Lord, 1854.
(L.S.) WESTMORLAND.
(L.S.) BUOL-SCHAUENSTEIN.
(L.S.) BOURQUENEY.
3.1163 Alliance between France and Austria-
Hungary
Alliance Members:France and Austria-Hungary
Signed On:December 22, 1854, in the city of Vienna. In force
until March 30, 1856, upon the end of the Crimean War.
Alliance Type:Entente (Type III)
Source:Beer,p. 821.
SUMMARY
By late 1854, both France and Austria had begun to show interest in
bringing the Crimean War to an end. In the face of British resistance,
the two signed an entente in December regarding their shared designs
on the future terms of the peace. As its forces in the Balkans had not
played a role in combat, Austria particularly sought to secure its own
share of the postwar settlement through the alliance by tying itself to
France.
As France conducted secret negotiations with both the British and the
Russians throughout the war, the peace talks initiated by Austria in the
spring of 1855 failed to win the cooperation of its erstwhile allies. Peace
talks would succeed in March of 1856, however, as the Treaty of Paris
ended both the war and the tenure of the French-Austrian entente.
Description of Terms
Austria and France pledge to do everything possible to pre-
vent attempts directed at Italy while trying to resolve the cur-
rent problems they have in Crimea. The troops of both coun-
tries shall be provided to Italy in accordance with this goal,
and by doing so, the joint action works toward a perfect
accord as outlined in the offensive and defensive alliance of
December 2, 1854.3.1164 Treaty between France and Great
Britain and Sweden-Norway for securing the
integrity of the United Kingdoms of Sweden
and Norway (Treaty of Stockholm)
Alliance Members:France, Great Britain, and Sweden-Norway
Signed On:November 21, 1855, in the city of Stockholm. In force
until March 30, 1856, when the peace treaty ending the Crimean War
was signed.
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:British Foreign and State Papers,vol. 55, p. 33.
Additional Citations:Key Treaties for the Great Powers, 1814–1914,
vol. 1, p. 315.SUMMARY
By late 1855, allied prosecution of the Crimean War had expanded
beyond the mere rolling back of Russian gains in the crumbling
Ottoman Empire and southeastern Europe and into the realm of con-
taining Russian access to the Baltic Sea. After linking Austria and, indi-
rectly, Prussia into defensive pacts aimed at countering Russian coun-
terattacks, Britain and France signed a similar agreement with Sweden,
promising to help repel Russian aggression in return for Sweden’s
refusal of granting the use of any of its territory to the Russians.
The defense pact’s terms were not activated, as Russia made no moves
against Sweden during the war, and it expired on March 30, 1856, as
the Crimean War came to an end with the Treaty of Paris.Alliance Text
Balance of Power in Europe.
HER Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, His Majesty the Emperor of the French, and
His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, being anxious to
avert any complication which might disturb the existing Bal-
ance of Power in Europe, have resolved to come to an under-
standing with a view to secure the integrity of the United King-
doms of Sweden and Norway, and have named as their
Plenipotentiaries to conclude a Treaty for that purpose, that is
to say :
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, Arthur Charles Magenis, Esquire, her Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the
King of Sweden and Norway ;