Treaty among Austria, France, and Great Britain guaranteeing the Independence of the Ottoman Empire
His Majesty the Emperor of the French, the Sieur Charles
Victor Lobstein, his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
tentiary to His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, &c. ;
And His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, the Sieur
Gustavus Nicholas Algernon Adolphus Baron de Stierneld, his
Minister of State and for Foreign Affairs, &c., &c., &c. ;
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective
Full Powers, found in good and due form, have agreed as follows :
Sweden not to make any Territorial Cessions or confer
any Rights of Pasturage, &c., to Russia, in Sweden and
Norway.
ART. I. His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway engages
not to cede to nor exchange with Russia, nor to permit her to
occupy, any part of the Territories belonging to the Crowns of
Sweden and Norway. His Majesty the King of Sweden and Nor-
way engages, further, not to cede to Russia any Right of Pas-
turage, of Fishery, or of any other nature whatsoever, either on
the said Territories or upon the Coasts of Sweden and Norway,
and to resist any pretension which may be put forward by Rus-
sia with a view to establish the existence of any of the Rights
aforesaid.
Co-operation of Great Britain and France to resist Pre-
tensions or Aggressions of Russia.
ART. II. In case Russia should make to His Majesty the King of
Sweden and Norway any Proposal or Demand having for its
object to obtain either the Cession or the Exchange of any part
whatsoever of the Territories belonging to the Crowns of Swe-
den and Norway, or the power of occupying certain points of
the said Territories, or the Cession of Rights of Fishery, of Pas-
turage, or of any other Right upon the said Territories and upon
the Coasts of Sweden and Norway, His Majesty the King of Swe-
den and Norway engages forthwith to communicate such Pro-
posal or Demand to Her Britannic Majesty and His Majesty the
Emperor of the French ; and their said Majesties, on their part,
engage to furnish to His Majesty the King of Sweden and Nor-
way sufficient Naval and Military Forces to Co-operate with the
Naval and Military Forces of His said Majesty, for the purpose
of resisting the Pretensions or Aggressions of Russia. The
description, number, and destination of such forces shall, if
occasion should arise, be determined by common agreement
between the 3 Powers.
Ratifications.
ART. III. The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the Ratifica-
tions shall be exchanged at Stockholm as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have
signed the same, and have affixed thereto the Seal of their Arms.
Done at Stockholm, the 21st of November, in the year of Our
Lord, 1855.
(L.S.) ARTHUR C. MAGENIS.
(L.S.) Vor. LOBSTEIN.
(L.S.) STIERNELD.
3.1165 Treaty among Austria, France, and
Great Britain guaranteeing the Independence
and Integrity of the Ottoman Empire
Alliance Members:Austria-Hungary, France, and Great Britain
Signed On:April 15, 1856, in the city of Paris. In force until January
15, 1877, after the agreement between Austria-Hungary and Russia
contained in the Budapest Convention, which violates this treaty.
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:British Foreign and State Papers,vol. 46, p. 25.
Additional Citations:Key Treaties for the Great Powers, 1814–1914,
vol.1, p. 336.SUMMARY
This treaty was signed to ensure the independence of the Ottoman
Empire. The three countries also laid down rules concerning naval
warfare. This addendum to the treaty was especially important to
Great Britain because it was very dependent on trade by this time and
needed the ability to freely ship and receive goods.
After concluding the Crimean War with the Treaty of Paris in March
of 1856, Great Britain, France, and Austria reached an agreement on
the protection of the independence of the Ottoman Empire, agreeing
to protect it from aggression—especially Russian aggression—in the
future. An addendum also addressed the naval situation in the region,
protecting vital British trade routes and continuing the effort to keep
the Russian navy bottled up in the Black Sea.Alliance Text
Reference to Treaty of 30th March, 1856.
HER Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, and
His Majesty the Emperor of the French, wishing to settle
between themselves the combined action which any infraction
of the stipulations of the Peace of Paris would involve on their
part, have named for that purpose as their Plenipotentiaries,
that is to say :
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable George William
Frederick Earl of Clarendon, Her Majesty’s Principal Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs, &c. ; and the Right Honourable
Henry Richard Charles Baron Cowley, Her Majesty’s Ambas-
sador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the
Emperor of the French, &c. ;
His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, the Sieur Charles Ferdi-
nand Count de Buol-Schauenstein, President of the Conference
of Ministers, &c.; and the Sieur Joseph Alexander Baron de
Hubner, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
the Court of France, &c. ;
And His Majesty the Emperor of the French, the Sieur
Alexander Count Colonna Walewski, his Minister and Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs, &c.; and the Sieur Francis Adolphus
Baron de Bourqueney, his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary to His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty,
&c. ;