Treaty of Alliance among the Argentine Confederation, Brazil, and Uruguaycontract, or under any form or pretext whatever, the terri-
tory which now belongs to it.
III. The Empire of Brazil and the Argentine Confederation,
seceding to the wishes of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay,
agree that it should request France, England, and some other
Power, to strengthen with their guarantees the stipulations con-
tained in the preceding Article.
IV. The Empire of Brazil and the Argentine Confederation,
renewing and strengthening the obligation contracted by the
Convention of Peace of 27th August, 1828, and by subsequent
agreements, consider and declare themselves perpetually
obliged to defend the independence and integrity of the Orien-
tal Republic of the Uruguay.
V. And in order to fix the extent of the preceding Article, the
High Contracting Parties declare that :
The independence of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay
is to be considered as attacked :
- In the case of declared conquest.
- If any foreign nation, either by itself or in alliance with, or
rendering aid to an internal revolution, should attempt to
change the form of its government. - If any foreign nation, either by itself or in alliance with, or
rendering aid to an internal revolution, should attempt to
impose the person or persons who are to govern the
Republic.
And the integrity of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay is
to be considered as attacked : - By the occupation of the whole or any part of the territory
of that Republic by any other nation, with the object of
possessing it as its own property, or to unite it to its other
possessions, whatever may be the ground alleged for that
object. - By the separation of any portion of its territory for the cre-
ation therein of independent governments, repudiating
the sovereign and legitimate national authority.
VI. The ways and means by which the Empire of Brazil and
the Argentine Confederation will fulfil the obligation of defend-
ing the independence and integrity of the Oriental Republic of
the Uruguay will be stipulated by a special agreement in each
case as it occurs.
VII. In case of any serious misunderstandings happening,
which God forbid, amongst the High Contracting Parties,
recourse is to be had, in so far as circumstances permit, to the
good offices of a friendly nation.
VIII. Acknowledging that, for the complete execution of the
intention of the Convention of 1828, as defined in Article I of
this Treaty, it is indispensable that the Oriental Republic of the
Uruguay should form a state absolutely and perpetually neuter
between its neighbours, the three High Contracting Powers
have agreed and adjusted as follows :
The Oriental Republic of the Uruguay is declared and guar-
anteed as a State absolutely and perpetually neuter between the
Empire of Brazil and the Argentine Confederation.
IX. The neutrality of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay,
declared and guaranteed by the preceding Article, is understood
and shall be achieved as follows :- The Oriental Republic of the Uruguay shall not contract a
political alliance with the Empire of Brazil, with the
Argentine Confederation, or with anyone or more other
States against any of the Powers signatory to the present
Treaty, nor shall it enter into Conventions by which it
might contract the obligation of furnishing against any of
them, in case of war, aid of men, money, materials or arti-
cles of warfare. - The said Republic shall observe and shall cause its citizens
and inhabitants to observe, under heavy and effectual
penalties, the most strict neutrality in any misunder-
standing happening, which God forbid, between the
Empire of Brazil and the Argentine Confederation. - In case of war between the said two Powers, they will con-
sider the territory of the neutral Republic as inviolably
closed against their belligerent forces, and those of their
allies and auxiliaries.
X. Brazil and the Argentine Confederation confirm the stip-
ulation of Article II of the Treaty of 7th March, 1856 ; and, in
conformity with the same principle, the Oriental Republic of
the Uruguay engages not to support, directly or indirectly, the
segregation of any portion of the territories of Brazil and of the
Argentine Confederation, nor the creation therein of independ-
ent Governments in repudiation of the respective Sovereign and
legitimate authority.
XI. Each of the 3 High Contracting Parties also binds itself
not to allow in its territory the organisation and auxiliation of
revolutions and conspiracies against any of the others and their
Governments, adopting effectual means for this purpose ; above
all, for placing those who take refuge in its territory in a posi-
tion entirely inoffensive (without, however, failing in those
duties which humanity, the liberality of its institutions, and its
own dignity, impose on it), disarming them if they should be
armed, and delivering the arms, the horses, and any objects
adapted for warfare, to the other Governments.
XII. The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications
exchanged in the city of Parana, in as short a time as possible.
In witness whereof we, the Undersigned, Plenipotentiaries of
His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil and of the Presidents of the
Argentine Confederation and the Oriental Republic of the
Uruguay, in virtue of our respective full powers, have signed the
present Treaty with our own hands, and have caused our seals to
be affixed to it.
Done in this city of Rio de Janeiro, on the 2nd day of the
month of January, in the year from the birth of our Lord Jesus
Christ, 1859
(L.S.) JOSE MARIA DA SILVA PARANHOS.
(L.S.) VISCONDE DO URUGUAY.
(L.S.) LUIZ JOSE DE LA PENA.
(L.S.) ANDRES LAMAS.