Pact of Cordial Collaboration between the Kingdom of Italy and the Czechoslovak Republicd’état overthrew the government in Fiume, Italian troops entered as
occupiers. This Treaty of Rome provided a negotiated compromise
between the two states and softened dissension somewhat by leaving
Fiume in Italian hands while granting territories east of Fiume (Susak)
to Yugoslavia.
Alliance Text
The Government of His Majesty the King of Italy and the Gov-
ernment of His Majesty the King of the Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes, being firmly resolved to secure peace and to safeguard
the results obtained during the great war and sanctioned by the
Treaties of Peace, have concurred in the conclusion of the pres-
ent Convention as a natural consequence of the friendship
between the two Kingdoms and of the respect of each for the
rights of the other both on land and on sea, and have agreed
upon the following Articles:
Article I. The two High Contracting Parties undertake to
afford each other support and cordial cooperation in order to
maintain the position established by the Treaties of Peace con-
cluded at Trianon, Saint Germain and Neuilly, and to ensure
respect and fulfilment of the obligations laid down in those
Treaties.
Article 2. In the event of one of the High Contracting Parties
suffering an unprovoked attack from any Power or Powers, the
other Party undertakes to remain neutral throughout the con-
flict. Furthermore, in the event of the safety and the interests of
one of the High Contracting Parties being threatened as the
result of forcible incursions from without, the other Party
undertakes to afford political and diplomatic support in the
form of friendly co-operation for the purpose of assisting to
remove the external cause of such threat.
Article 3. In the event of international complications, if the
two High Contracting Parties are agreed that their common
interests are or may be threatened, they undertake to consult
one another as to the steps to be taken in common to protect
those interests.
Article 4. The present Convention shall remain in force for
five years, and may be denounced or renewed one year before its
expiration.
Article 5. The present Treaty shall be ratified and the ratifica-
tions shall be exchanged at Rome. It shall come into force
immediately upon the exchange of ratifications.
In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed
it in duplicate and have thereto affixed their seals.
Done at Rome on January 27, 1924.
Benito MUSSOLINI.
Nik. P. PACHITCH.
M. NINTCHITCH.
4.1242 Pact of Cordial Collaboration between
the Kingdom of Italy and the Czechoslovak
Republic
Alliance Members:Italy and Czechoslovakia
Signed On:July 5, 1924, in the city of Rome. In force until August 21,
1929, when the treaty was not renewed.
Alliance Type:Entente (Type III)
Source:League of Nations Treaty Series,vol. 26, p. 23.SUMMARY
In many ways this alliance was a response by Italy to France’s moves to
ally itself with the newly formed central European states. France
encouraged the tightened unions found in the Little Entente (Czecho-
slovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia) and also nearly allied itself with
Hungary. Italy’s response reinforced its role within the region, and this
entente affirmed friendly relations with Czechoslovakia. The entente
was not renewed after its expiry five years later, as Italian foreign pol-
icy began to take on a decidedly revisionist tone.Alliance Text
The Government of His Majesty the King of Italy and the Gov-
ernment of the Czechoslovak Republic:
being anxious to maintain peace and desirous of co-operat-
ing to ensure the stability and economic reconstruction of
Europe;
and being firmly resolved to ensure the maintenance of the
international legal and political situation established by the
Treaties of Peace;
have agreed to conclude the present Pact of Cordial Collabo-
ration, which is a natural consequence of the friendship existing
between the two Contracting Parties and of the respect of each
for the rights of the other,
and to this end have agreed upon the following provisions:
Article I. The High Contracting Parties will decide in concert
upon the measures best designed to protect their common
interests in the event of their being agreed as to the existence or
possibility of a menace.
Article 2. The two High Contracting Parties undertake to
afford mutual support and assistance in order to ensure the
maintenance of the situation established by the Treaties of
Peace concluded at St. Germain-en-Laye, Trianon and Neuilly,
and the observance and fulfilment of the obligations specified
in the said Treaties.
Article 3. The present Convention shall remain in force for
five years and may be denounced or renewed one year before its
expiration.
Article 4. The present Treaty shall be communicated to the
League of Nations in accordance with Article 18 of the
Covenant.
The present Treaty shall be ratified and the ratifications shall
be exchanged at Rome. It shall come into force immediately
upon the exchange of ratifications.