Treaty of Alliance between His Majesty, in Respect of the United Kingdom, and His Majesty the King of Egypt
the Hijra corresponding to 2 December 1922 of the
Christian era.- Uqair Protocol No. 2 dated 12 Rabi-al-Thani 1341 of
the Hijra corresponding to 2 December 1922 of the
Christian era. - Bahra Agreement dated 14 Rabi-al-Thani 1344 of the
Hijra corresponding to 1 November 1925 of the Chris-
tian era. - Treaty of Friendship and Bon Voisinage and the Proto-
col of Arbitration dated 20 The-Al-Qada 1349 of the
Hijra corresponding to 7 April 1931 of the Christian
era. - Extradition Treaty dated 21 The-Al-Qada 1349 of the
Hijra corresponding to 8 April 1931 of the Christian
era.
Article 12. The High Contracting Parties undertake within
one year from the date of coming into force of the present
Treaty to start negotiations for the conclusion of agreements on
the following subjects: - Residence, Passports and Laissez-Passer.
- Economic, Financial and Customs Affairs.
- Organisation of means of communication.
Article 13. This Treaty shall come into force from the date of
the exchange of ratifications.
Article 14. The present Treaty shall remain in force for a
period of ten years from the date of its coming into force and it
shall be deemed to have been renewed for a further period of
ten years, unless notice of desire to terminate it shall have been
given by either High Contracting Party to the other one year
prior to the date of expiry of its period.
Done at Bagdad on the tenth day of Muharram-Al-Haram in
the year one thousand three hundred and fifty-five of the Hijra
corresponding to the second day of April in the year one thou-
sand nine hundred and thirty-six of the Christian era.
(Signed) Nouri EL SAID.
(Signed) Yusuf YASSIN.
4.1287 Treaty of Alliance between His Majesty,
in Respect of the United Kingdom, and His
Majesty the King of Egypt
Alliance Members:United Kingdom and Egypt
Signed On:August 26, 1936, in the city of London. In force until
October 24, 1951.
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:The American Journal of International Law,vol.31,no.2,Sup-
plement: Official Documents (April 1937), p. 77–90.
SUMMARY
Negotiations over the end of British occupation of Egypt began as
early as 1929, but several issues kept the two parties from reaching a
final deal. For Egypt, the Sudan held special importance given that
state’s ability to control the Nile River, the lifeline for Cairo and Egypt
more generally. Of course, the Sudan also held strategic importance
for Britain given the territory’s proximity to the Red Sea, the Suez
Canal, and British territories in East Africa. Only the Italian invasion
of Ethiopia changed the bargaining positions of both sides. Egypt was
now threatened by the rise of Italian influence and the large influx of
British troops along the Suez. British leaders wanted, and were given,
unrestricted access to Egyptian airspace, harboring rights at Alexan-
dria, and basing rights for British troops along the Suez. The disposi-
tion of the Sudan was essentially ignored.
The alliance was signed on August 26, 1936, and Egypt became a rec-
ognized member of the United Nations on May 26, 1937. The defense
pact lasted until 1951, when Egypt abrogated the treaty.Alliance Text
His Majesty The King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British
Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty
the King of Egypt;
Being anxious to consolidate the friendship and the relations
of good understanding between them and to co-operate in the
execution of their inter-national obligations in preserving the
peace of the world;
And considering that these objects will best be achieved by
the conclusion of a treaty of friendship and alliance, which in
their common interest will provide for effective co-operation in
preserving peace and ensuring the defence of their respective
territories, and shall govern their mutual relations in the future;
Have agreed to conclude a treaty for this purpose, and have
appointed as their plenipotentiaries:
His Majesty The King of Great Britain, Ireland and the
British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India (here-
inafter referred to as His Majesty The King and Emperor): For
Great Britain and Northern Ireland: The Rt. Hon. Anthony
Eden, M.C., M.P., His Principal Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs. The Rt. Hon. James Ramsay MacDonald, M.P., Lord
President of the Council. The Rt. Hon. Sir John Simon,
G.C.S.I., K.C.V.O., O.B.E., K.C., M.P., His Principal Secretary of
State for the Home Department. The Rt. Hon. Viscount Hali-
fax, K.G., G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., Lord Privy Seal. Sir Miles Wedder-
burn Lampson, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.V.O., His High Commis-
sioner for Egypt and the Sudan.
His Majesty The King of Egypt: Moustapha El Nahas
Pacha, President of the Council of Ministers. Dr. Ahmed
Maher, President of the Chamber of Deputies. Mohamed
Mahmoud Pacha, former President of the Council of Minis-
ters. Ismail Sedky Pacha, former President of the Council of
Ministers. Abdel Fattah Yéhia Pacha, former President of the
Council of Ministers. Wacyf Boutros Ghali Pacha, Minister
of Foreign Affairs. Osman Moharram Pacha, Minister of
Public Works. Makram Ebeid Pacha, Minister of Finance.
Mahmoud Fahmy El-Nokrachi Pacha, Minister of Commu-
nications. Ahmed Hamdi Seif El Nasr Pacha, Minister of
Agriculture. Aly El Chamsi Pacha, former Minister.
Mohamed Helmi Issa Pacha, former Minister. Hafez Afifi
Pacha, former Minister.