Pact between Japan and Siam Establishing a Military Alliance and Providing for Joint Action as Regards Peace
expanded on May 22 of the following year, and the British began
supplying Soviet forces through Persia. The overall Anglo-Soviet
alliance lasted until May 26, 1955, when the Soviets protested British
ratification of the Paris Treaty of October 23, 1954, which called for
the remilitarization of West Germany.
Alliance Text
His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom and the
Government of the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics have
concluded the present Agreement and declare as follows:—
(1) The two Governments mutually undertake to render
each other assistance and support of all kinds in the present war
against Hitlerite Germany.
(2) They further undertake that during this war they will
neither negotiate nor conclude an armistice or treaty of peace
except by mutual agreement.
The present Agreement has been concluded in duplicate in
the English and Russian languages.
Both texts have equal force.
Moscow, the twelfth of July, nineteen hundred and forty-
one.
By authority of His Majesty’s Government in the United
Kingdom:
R. STAFFORD CRIPPS
His Majesty’s Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten-
tiary in the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics.
By authority of the Government of the Union of Soviet
Socialistic Republics:
V. MOLOTOV,
The Deputy President of the Council of People’s Commis-
sars and People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Union of
Soviet Socialistic Republics.
4.1317 Pact between Japan and Siam Establish-
ing a Military Alliance and Providing for Joint
Action as Regards Peace
Alliance Members:Japan and Thailand
Signed On:December 21, 1941, in the city of Bangkok (Thailand). In
force until September 2, 1945.
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:British and Foreign State Papers,vol. 144, p. 838.
SUMMARY
The Japanese launched an invasion of Thailand on December 8, 1941,
only hours after the Japanese attack on the United States at Pearl Har-
bor. The Thai leadership quickly ordered the cessation of all resistance,
and the following alliance was signed with the Japanese less than two
weeks after the start of the invasion. Thailand then declared war on
both Great Britain and the United States.
Japan equipped the Thai military with its aircraft and other arma-
ments, which the Thai eventually used in an invasion of Burma in
- This alliance lasted until the end of World War II.
Alliance Text
The Government of His Thai Majesty and that of His Imperial
Japanese Majesty firmly believing that the establishment of the
New Order in East Asia is the only way to bring prosperity in
this sphere and the conditions indispensable to restore and
reinforce the peace of the world, and with the clear intention to
obviate evil influences and other obstacles have concluded the
following articles:- An alliance is to be established between Japan and Thai-
land on the basis that each will respect the independence and
sovereignty of the other. - In case where either Japan or Thailand is engaged in an
armed conflict with an outside country or countries Thailand
or Japan will take side with the party to this Pact immediately
and will accord all assistance politically, economically and mili-
tarily. - Details relative to the execution of article 2 will be deter-
mined by common agreement between the competent authori-
ties of both Japan and Thailand. - In case Japan and Thailand are engaged in a common war
Japan and Thailand agree that each party will not conclude an
armistice or any peace treaty without the complete agreement
of both parties. - The present Pact will come into force on the date of signa-
ture. It will be in force for a period of ten years. Both parties will
consult each other on the subject of renewing the said Pact
before its expiration.
Signed in duplicate by
H. E. Field-Marshal Plaek Pibulasonggram, the Thai
Premier, and Minister of Foreign Affairs, and H. E. Mr.
Teiji Tsubokami, the Japanese Ambassador at Bangkok.
4.1318 Tripartite Treaty of Alliance among
Iran, the United Kingdom, and the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics
Alliance Members:Iran, United Kingdom, and the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics
Signed On:January 29, 1942, in the city of London. In force until
March 2, 1946.
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:The American Journal of International Law,vol.36,no.3,Sup-
plement: Official Documents (July 1942), p. 175–179.SUMMARY
By August 1941, both the Soviets and Britain had entered Iran in order
to establish a supply line for aid to Soviet troops fighting against Ger-
many. The use of foreign troops in Iran proved unsettling, however,
for both the Americans and Iran’s neighbors, especially in light of pre-
vious Russian and British imperial designs on Iran. Thus, this treaty
was signed to guarantee the integrity of Iran and confirm that troops
would be withdrawn immediately following the end of the war. The
treaty lasted until its expiry on March 2, 1946.