Agreement for Friendly Co-operation between Pakistan and Turkey
Article III. Each Party recognizes that an armed attack in the
Pacific area on either of the Parties in territories now under
their respective administrative control, or hereafter recognized
by one of the Parties as lawfully brought under the administra-
tive control of the other, would be dangerous to its own peace
and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common
danger in accordance with its constitutional processes.
Article IV. The Republic of Korea grants, and the United
States of America accepts, the right to dispose United States
land, air and sea forces in and about the territory of the Repub-
lic of Korea as determined by mutual agreement.
Article V. This Treaty shall be ratified by the United States of
America and the Republic of Korea in accordance with their
respective constitutional processes and will come into force
when instruments of ratification thereof have been exchanged
by them at Washington.
Article VI. This Treaty shall remain in force indefinitely.
Either Party may terminate it one year after notice has been
given to the other Party.
In Witness Whereof the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have
signed this Treaty.
Done in duplicate at Washington, in the English and Korean
languages, this first day of October 1953.
For the United States of America:
John Foster DULLES
For the Republic of Korea:
Y. T. PYUN
4.1356 Agreement for Friendly Co-operation
between Pakistan and Turkey
Alliance Members:Pakistan and Turkey
Signed On:April 2, 1954, in the city of Karachi (Pakistan). In force
until September 23, 1955.
Alliance Type:Entente (Type III)
Source:United Nations Treaty,no. 2858.
SUMMARY
Pakistan tried to forge better relations with Western powers during the
1950s by pledging to fight communism internally as closer rapproche-
ment with the West would bring Pakistan leverage in its continuing
rivalry with India. This agreement was part of that overall policy and
attempted to create a long-standing relationship with Turkey, another
West-leaning Asian country. The treaty called for mutual consultation
in the case of attack.
The alliance members shared good relations for the duration of the
treaty. In fact, the cooperation between the alliance partners led in
1955 to a larger agreement (the Baghdad Pact) that included both the
United States and Great Britain.
Alliance Text
Pakistan and Turkey,
Reaffirming their faith in the Purposes and Principles of the
Charter of the United Nations and their determination always
to endeavour to apply and give effect to these Purposes and
Principles,
Desirous of promoting the benefits of greater mutual coop-
eration deriving from the sincere friendship happily existing
between them,
Recognising the need for consultation and cooperation
between them in every field for the purpose of promoting the
well-being and security of their peoples,
Being Convinced that such cooperation would be to the
interest of all peace-loving nations and in particular also to the
interest of nations in the region of the Contracting Parties, and
would consequently serve to ensure peace and security which
are both indivisible,
Have Therefore Decided to conclude this Agreement for
Friendly Co-operation and for this purpose, have appointed as
their Plenipotentiaries:
For Pakistan: Muhammad Zafrulla Khan, Minister of For-
eign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations;
For Turkey: His Excellency Monsieur Selahattin Refet
Arbel, Ambassador of Turkey
who, after presentation of their full powers, found in good
and due form, have agreed as follows:
Article 1. The Contracting Parties undertake to refrain from
intervening in any way in the internal affairs of each other and
from participating in any alliance or activities directed against
the other.
Article 2. The Contracting Parties will consult on interna-
tional matters of mutual interest and, taking into account inter-
national requirements and conditions, cooperate between them
to the maximum extent.
Article 3. The Contracting Parties will develop the coopera-
tion, already established between them in the cultural field
under a separate Agreement, in the economic and technical
fields also by concluding, if necessary, other agreements.
Article 4. The consultation and cooperation between the
Contracting Parties in the field of defence shall cover the fol-
lowing points:
a. exchange of information for the purpose of deriving bene-
fit jointly from technical experience and progress,
b. endeavours to meet, as far as possible, the requirements
of the Parties in the production of arms and ammuni-
tion,
c. studies and determination of the ways and extent of coop-
eration which might be effected between them in accor-
dance with Article 51 of the Charter of the United
Nations, should an unprovoked attack occur against them
from outside.
Article 5. Each Contracting Party declares that none of the
international engagements now in force between it and any
third State is in conflict with the provisions of this Agreement
and that this Agreement shall not affect, nor can it be inter-
preted so as to affect, the aforesaid engagements, and under-
takes not to enter into any international engagement in conflict
with this Agreement.