International Military Alliances, 1648-2008 - Douglas M. Gibler

Agreement between the United Kingdom and the Federation of Malaya

Command staff shall be appointed by agreement between the
Comander-in-Chief and the Chief of Staff of the army con-
cerned.
Article 9. 1. The two Contracting States shall place at the
disposal of the Joint Command:
(a) In time of peace: such forces as the War Council, in
agreement with the Commander-in-Chief, considers it
necessary to place under his command, subject to
approval by the Supreme Council;
(b) In time of war: all the forces which the two States have on
a war footing;
(c) The forces concentrated on the Palestine frontiers shall
be deemed to come automatically under the command of
the Commander-in-Chief.

2. The War Council shall, on the proposal of the Comman-
   der-in-Chief, determine the installations and bases necessary to
   carry out the plans, and the priorities for their construction.
   Article 10. 1. A joint fund, to which both Contracting
   States shall contribute, shall be established to defray:
   (a) The expenses of the Joint Command, which shall be
   shared equally by the two States;
   (b) The cost of the military installations referred to in article
   9, paragraph 2, which shall be borne in the following pro-
   portions: 35 per cent by the Syrian Republic; and 65 per
   cent by the Republic of Egypt.


3. Each Contracting State shall pay the salaries and
   allowances of the military and civilian staff assigned by it to the
   Joint Command, the War Council and other committees, in
   accordance with its own financial regulations.
   Article 11. Nothing in this Agreement shall in any way affect
   or be intended to affect the rights and obligations devolving
   upon the two Contracting States under the Charter of the
   United Nations, or the responsibilities of the Security Council
   for the maintenance of international peace and security.
   Article 12. This Agreement is concluded for a period of five
   years and shall be automatically renewable thereafter for further
   periods of five years.
   Either of the Contracting States may terminate this Agree-
   ment by giving notice in writing to the other State one year
   before the expiry of any of the said five-year periods.
   Article 13. The present Agreement shall be ratified in accor-
   dance with the constitutional procedure of each of the Con-
   tracting States. The instruments of ratification shall be
   exchanged at the Syrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Damas-
   cus not later than thirty days from the date of signature of the
   Agreement, which shall enter into force immediately after the
   exchange of the instruments of ratification.
   Done at Damascus, on 4 Rabi al Awwal of the Hegira year
   1375, corresponding to 20 October 1955, in two copies, one for
   each Party.
   For the Syrian Republic:
   (Signed) RASHAD BARMADA
   Minister of National Defence

For the Republic of Egypt:

(Signed) MAHMOUD RIAD

Ambassador of the Republic of Egypt to the Syrian

Republic

4.1362 Agreement between the Government of

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland and the Government of the

Federation of Malaya on External Defence and

Mutual Security

Alliance Members:United Kingdom and Malaysia

Signed On:October 12, 1957, in the city of Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia).

In force until October 15, 1971.

Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)

Source:United Nations Treaty,no. 4149.

SUMMARY

This agreement between Malaysia and Great Britain was struck shortly

after Malaysian independence and pledged British economic, military,

and financial assistance to Malaysia in return for favorable trade poli-

cies. The treaty gave Britain a large amount of control over Malaysia’s

exports, with 70 percent of everything Malaysia produced returning to

the United Kingdom. The treaty also granted the British full use of

Malaysian military power, including the right to establish military

bases on Malaysian soil.

After several confrontations between the two countries in the mid-

1960s, Great Britain announced the complete withdrawal of troops

from the entire Malayan region by 1971. Malaysia began pursuing

other regional security agreements, and Britain disbanded its Far East

command. Relations between the two countries remained friendly,

and the alliance was replaced by a more equitable trade pact in 1971.

Alliance Text

Whereas the Federation of Malaya is fully self-governing and

independent within the Commonwealth;

And whereas the Government of the Federation of Malaya

and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain

and Northern Ireland recognise that it is in their common

interest to preserve peace and to provide for their mutual

defence;

And whereas the Government of the Federation of Malaya

has now assumed responsibility for the external defence of its

territory;

Now therefore the Government of the Federation of Malaya

and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain

and Northern Ireland have agreed as follows:

Article I. The Government of the United Kingdom under-

take to afford to the Government of the Federation of Malaya

such assistance as the Government of the Federation of Malaya

may require for the external defence of its territory.

Article II. The Government of the United Kingdom will fur-

nish the Government of the Federation of Malaya with