Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Non-Aggression between the People’s Republic of China and the Union of Burma
Governments associated in the Declaration signed at London
on July 28, 1958, in order to prepare and participate in such
defensive arrangements as may be mutually agreed to be
desirable, subject to the other applicable provisions of this
agreement.
Article V. The provisions of the present agreement do not
affect the cooperation between the two Governments as envis-
aged in other international agreements or arrangements.
Article VI. This agreement shall enter into force upon the
date of its signature and shall continue in force until one year
after the receipt by either Government of written notice of the
intention of the other Government to terminate the agreement.
Done in duplicate at Ankara, this fifth day of March, 1959.
For the Government of the United States of America:
Fletcher WARREN
[SEAL]
For the Imperial Government of Iran:
Général HASSAN ARFA
[SEAL]4.1365 Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Non-
Aggression between the People’s Republic of
China and the Union of Burma
Alliance Members:China and Burma
Signed On:January 28, 1960, in the city of Beijing (China). In force
until October 6, 1967.
Alliance Type:Non-Aggression Pact (Type II)
Source:British and Foreign State Papers,vol. 164, p. 649.
SUMMARY
The Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Non-Aggression between the
People’s Republic of China and the Union of Burma was signed in
1960 to help prevent border disputes over several small areas along the
border between the two countries. According to the terms of the
treaty, Burma ceded to China the Hpimaw-Gawlum-Kangfang area
and the Panghung-Panglao district (a total of 132 square miles), while
China ceded to Burma the Namwan Assigned Tract (85 square miles);
both states pledged cooperation, friendship, and neutrality for a
period of ten years in order to seal the exchange.
Relations between China and Burma were stable for a number of
years because of Burma’s extreme isolationism, but in the summer of
1967 relations between China and several other countries deterio-
rated. Burmese militants attacked small communities in China,
troops from the Red Guards attacked foreign embassies abroad, the
Chinese government began a propaganda offensive, and China
believed a global conspiracy pioneered by the United States was
attempting to undermine its power. Burma withdrew from the treaty
in October of 1967, and it recalled several technicians and scientists
who were working in China at the time. China reciprocated amid a
series of anti-Burmese threats and alleged that Burmese troops had
murdered a Chinese civilian.
Alliance Text
The Government of the People’s Republic of China and the
Government of the Union of Burma,
Desiring to maintain everlasting peace and cordial friend-
ship between the People’s Republic of China and the Union of
Burma,
Convinced that the strengthening of good neighbourly rela-
tions and friendly co-operation between the People’s Republic
of China and the Union of Burma is in accordance with the
vital interests of both countries,
Have decided for this purpose to conclude the present
Treaty in accordance with the Five Principles of peaceful coex-
istence jointly initiated by the two countries, and have agreed
as follows:
Article I. The Contracting Parties recognize and respect the
independence, sovereign rights and territorial integrity of each
other.
Article II. There shall be everlasting peace and cordial friend-
ship between the Contracting Parties who undertake to settle all
disputes between them by means of peaceful negotiation with-
out resorting to force.
Article III. Each Contracting Party undertakes not to carry
out acts of aggression against the other and not to take part in
any military alliance directed against the other Contracting
Party.
Article IV. The Contracting Parties declare that they will
develop and strengthen the economic and cultural ties between
the two States in a spirit of friendship and co-operation, in
accordance with the principles of equality and mutual benefit
and of mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
Article V. Any difference or dispute arising out of the inter-
pretation or application of the present Treaty or one or more of
its Articles shall be settled by negotiations through the ordinary
diplomatic channels.
Article VI. (1) The present Treaty is subject to ratification
and the instruments of ratification will be exchanged in Ran-
goon as soon as possible.
(2) The present Treaty will come into force immediately on
the exchange of the instruments of ratification and will remain
in force for a period of ten years.
(3) Unless either of the Contracting Parties gives to the other
notice in writing to terminate it at least one year before the
expiration of this period, it will remain in force without any
specified time limit, subject to the right of either of the Con-
tracting Parties to terminate it by giving to the other in writing
a year’s notice of its intention to do so.
In witness whereof the Premier of the State Council of the
People’s Republic of China and the Prime Minister of the Union
of Burma have signed the present Treaty.
Done in duplicate in Peking on the twenty-eighth day of Jan-
uary 1960, in the Chinese and English languages, both texts
being equally authentic.