Sino-Afghan Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Non-Aggression
proceedings undertaken at their request within French military
bases and installations.
Article 6. In the case of offences committed in Gabon against
the French or Gabonese armed forces or military installations,
property and equipment, the French and Gabonese authorities
shall take the same steps against persons subject to their respec-
tive jurisdictions as would have been taken if those offences had
been committed against their own army or their own military
installations, property and equipment.
Article 7. The French State shall bear civil liability for acts
committed by French military personnel while on duty.
In the same conditions, the Gabonese State shall bear civil
liability for acts committed by Gabonese military personnel
while on duty.
If the two parties have been unable to reach an amicable set-
tlement within six months, the case shall be subject to the pro-
cedure laid down by the agreement on settlement and the Court
of Arbitration.
Article 8. Members of the French armed forces shall be fur-
nished with identity or registration cards, specimens of which
shall be deposited with the Gabonese Government.
Article 9. The French military command may, for the exclu-
sive use of members of the French armed forces, be provided
with logistical support including a military pay office.
For the needs of members of the French armed forces, it may
establish and maintain shops, messes, clubs, recreational centres
and social services. These establishments shall enjoy the same
exemption from licence fees, taxes and sales taxes as similar
Gabonese establishments.
The French authorities shall take the necessary steps to
ensure first that persons who are not entitled to obtain supplies
from such establishments cannot obtain the goods sold there
and, secondly, that the members of the French armed forces
cannot resell the said goods.
Article 10. Statutory provisions concerning outward tokens
of respect applicable in the French armed forces and in the
Gabonese armed forces shall be observed by the members of
each force towards the members of the other force.
Article 11. The provisions of this Agreement shall apply to
members of the French armed forces in Gabon and to the
French military personnel seconded to the Gabonese armed
forces.
Dependants of members of the French armed forces shall be
treated as members of such forces for the purposes of articles 8
and 9 of this Agreement.
For the Government of the French Republic:
J. FOYER
For the Government of the Gabonese Republic:
[Signed] LÉON MBA
4.1369 Sino-Afghan Treaty of Friendship and
Mutual Non-Aggression
Alliance Members:China and Afghanistan
Signed On:August 26, 1960, in the city of Kabul (Afghanistan). In
force until December 27, 1979.
Alliance Type:Non-Aggression Pact (Type II)
Source:Peking Review,December 20, 1960.SUMMARY
After a series of delegations exchanged visits between Beijing and
Kabul in the late 1950s, China’s vice premier and foreign minister,
Chen Yi, visited Kabul in August of 1960 and signed this treaty of
friendship and non-aggression. This reopening of the Silk Road
between Asian neighbors began a process by which both countries
worked on demarcating their mutual border. By 1964, China had
exploded a nuclear bomb in Xinjiang Province, near the Afghan bor-
der, prompting the Afghan royal couple to accept a four-year-old
standing invitation to visit Beijing. The king of Afghanistan,
Mohammed Zahir Shah, returned to Kabul with an agreement that
fully demarcated their border. Within a year, the two countries had
signed a boundary protocol, a cultural agreement, and a technical and
economic co-operation agreement.
On April 27, 1978, a coup d’état in Afghanistan replaced the successor
to Zahir Shah with a Soviet-leaning government. The new regime was
immediately hostile to China, denounced China’s invasion of Viet-
nam, and accused China of training and supplying anti-Afghan guer-
rillas in neighboring Pakistan. By December 1979 relations were
strained, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan on December 27,
1979, led China to condemn the action and halt official relations with
the Soviet-backed government.Alliance Text
The Chairman of the People’s Republic of China and His
Majesty the King of Afghanistan,
Desiring to maintain and further develop lasting peace and
profound friendship between the People’s Republic of China
and the Kingdom of Afghanistan,
Convinced that the strengthening of good-neighbourly rela-
tions and friendly cooperation between the People’s Republic of
China and the Kingdom of Afghanistan conforms to the funda-
mental interests of the peoples of the two countries and is in the
interest of consolidating peace in Asia and the world,
Have decided for this purpose to conclude the present Treaty
in accordance with the fundamental principles of the United
Nations Charter and the spirit of the Bandung Conference, and
have appointed as their respective Plenipotentiaries:
The Chairman of the People’s Republic of China: Vice-
Premier of the State Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
Chen Yi,
His Majesty the King of Afghanistan: Deputy Prime Minis-
ter and Minister of Foreign Affairs Sardar Mohammed Naim.
The above-mentioned Plenipotentiaries, having examined
each other’s credentials and found them in good and due form,
have agreed upon the following: