Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation between India and the Soviet Unionthe purpose of co-ordinating their positions in the interests of
removing the said threat or of restoring peace.
Article 8. In the interests of strengthening the defence capa-
bility of the United Arab Republic, the High Contracting Parties
shall continue to develop cooperation in military matters on the
basis of appropriate agreements between themselves. Such co-
operation shall provide in particular for assistance in the train-
ing of the military personnel of the United Arab Republic and
instruction in the use of the arms and equipment supplied to
the United Arab Republic for the purpose of strengthening its
capability to overcome the consequences of aggression and to
resist aggression in general.
Article 9. In accordance with the purposes and principles of
this Treaty, each of the High Contracting Parties declares that it
will not enter into any alliances, join any group of States or par-
ticipate in any actions or measures directed against the other
High Contracting Party.
Article 10. Each of the High Contracting Parties declares that
its obligations under international treaties currently in force do
not conflict with the provisions of this Treaty and undertakes
not to enter into any international agreements which are not
consistent therewith.
Article 11. This Treaty shall be valid for a term of 15 years
from the date of its entry into force.
If neither of the High Contracting Parties gives notice of its
intention to terminate the Treaty one year prior to the expiry of
the above-mentioned term, it shall be extended for successive
five-year terms until such time as one of the High Contracting
Parties gives written notice of its desire to terminate it one year
before the expiry of the current five-year term.
Article 12. This Treaty is subject to ratification and shall
enter into force on the date of the exchange of the instruments
of ratification, which shall take place at Moscow as soon as pos-
sible.
This Treaty has been drafted in duplicate in the Russian and
Arabic languages, both texts being equally authentic.
Done at Cairo on 27 May 1971, corresponding to 3 Rabi’-al-
Akhir 1391 A.H.
For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics:
[N. PODGORNY]
For the United Arab Republic:
[MOHAMED ANWAR EL-SADAT]
4.1394 Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Coop-
eration between India and the Soviet Union
Alliance Members:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and India
Signed On:August 9, 1971, in the city of New Delhi (India). In force
until December 25, 1991.
Alliance Type:Non-Aggression Pact (Type II)
Source:India Treaty Series 1980,Ministry of External Affairs, Govern-
ment of India, http://meaindia.nic.in/treatiesagreement/1971/
chap434.htm.
SUMMARY
Relations between the Soviet Union and India deepened during the
1950s as Soviet relations with China soured. The Soviet Union contin-
ued its support of India into the early 1960s, providing aid during
India’s border conflict with China. Indian enmity toward Pakistan and
Pakistan’s close ties with the United States continued to provide a
rationale for cooperation during the 1970s.
On August 9, 1971, Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi signed the
Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation with the Soviet Union,
providing for close military cooperation and Soviet military support
of India’s armed forces. In the six years following the treaty signing,
India received roughly $700 million in armaments from its ally as a
counter to the aid given to Pakistan by the United States. Although the
treaty stipulated the alliance would last for twenty years, the two coun-
tries extended the agreement in August 1991, declaring that their
strategic partnership was still in both countries’ interest. The collapse
of the Soviet Union later in 1991 effectively ended the treaty as the
transfer of military aid dwindled.
In 1993, President Boris Yeltsin signed a friendship treaty with India,
but the new treaty did not include any formal military alliance. In
2000, President Putin visited India, and the two nations signed a dec-
laration announcing a “Russia-India strategic partnership.” Since then,
relations between the two nations have been stable and friendly.Alliance Text
Desirous of expanding and consolidating the existing relations
of sincere friendship between them,
Believing that the further development of friendship and
cooperation meets the basic national interests of both States as
well as the interests of lasting peace in Asia and the world,
Determined to promote the consolidation of universal peace
and security and to make steadfast efforts for the relaxation of
international tensions and final elimination of the remnants of
colonialism,
Upholding their firm faith in the principles of peaceful coex-
istence and cooperation between States with different political
and social systems,
Convinced that in the world today international problems
can only be solved by cooperation and not by conflict,
Reaffirming their determination to abide by the purposes
and the principles of the United Nations Charter,
The Republic of India on one side
And
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic on the other side,
Have decided to conclude the present Treaty, for which pur-
poses the following Plenipotentiaries have been appointed:
On behalf of the Republic of India: SARDAR SWARAN
SINGH, Minister of External Affairs.
On behalf of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic: Mr. A.
A. GROMYKO, Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Who, having each presented their Credentials, which are
found to be in proper form and due order,
Have agreed as follows:
Article I. The High Contracting Parties solemnly declare that
enduring peace and friendship shall prevail between the two