Non-Aggression and Defense Assistance Agreement between CEAO and Togo
Such consultations and exchanges of views shall take place at
various levels,inter aliathrough meetings between leading
statesmen of the two Parties, in the course of visits by official
delegations and special representatives, and through the diplo-
matic channel.
Article 9. In the event of situations arising which constitute a
threat to peace or a breach of the peace, the High Contracting
Parties shall immediately contact each other for the purpose of
co-ordinating their positions in the interests of removing the
said threat or of restoring peace.
Article 10. Each of the High Contracting Parties solemnly
declares that it will not enter into any military or other
alliances, join any groups of States or participate in any actions
or measures directed against the other High Contracting Party.
Article 11. The High Contracting Parties declare that their
obligations under international treaties currently in force do
not conflict with the provisions of this Treaty, and undertake
not to conclude any international agreements which are incon-
sistent therewith.
Article 12. Questions which may arise between the High
Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or applica-
tion of any of the provisions of this Treaty shall be resolved
bilaterally in a spirit of friendship, mutual understanding and
respect.
Article 13. This Treaty shall be valid for a period of 20 years
from the date of its entry into force.
If neither of the High Contracting Parties gives notice of its
desire to terminate the Treaty one year before the expiry of the
above-mentioned period, it shall remain in force for successive
five-year periods until such time as one of the High Contracting
Parties gives written notice of its intention to terminate it one
year before the expiry of the current five-year period.
Article 14. This Treaty is subject to ratification and shall
enter into force on the date of the exchange of the instruments
of ratification, which shall take place in Moscow.
This Treaty has been drawn up in duplicate, each in the
Russian and Portuguese languages, both texts being equally
authentic.
Done at Maputo on 31 March 1977.
For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics:
[N. V. PODGORNY]
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of
the Union of Socialist Republics
For the People’s Republic of Mozambique:
[SAMORA M. MACHEL]
President of the People’s Republic of Mozambique
4.1404 Non-Aggression and Defense Assistance
Agreement between the States of the West
African Economic Community (CEAO) and
To g o
Alliance Members:Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Mauritania,
Niger, Senegal, and Togo; Benin, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone joined on April 22,
1978.
Signed On:June 9, 1977, in the city of Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). In
force until May 29, 1981.
Alliance Type:Non-Aggression Pact (Type II)
Source:United Nations Treaty,no. 22866.
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS),
http://www.ecowas.int.SUMMARY
The West African Economic Community (CEAO) was formed in 1974
to create a free-trade zone that encouraged trade among its members.
In June of 1977, the West African nation of Togo met with the mem-
ber states of the CEAO—Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Sene-
gal, and Upper Volta—to sign a pact of non-aggression and mutual
assistance.
In 1981, this pact was finalized when member states met to discuss the
terms of their agreement for the third and final time. The final meeting
included an agreement on the specific legal and financial aspects to the
protocol and also a defense pact, which effectively replaced this treaty.Alliance Text
Preamble
The Governments of the States members of CEAO and Togo:
Considering the ties of friendship and co-operation existing
between their countries;
Conscious of their responsibilities for maintaining peace in
accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United
Nations and the Charter of OAU;
Considering the fact that they belong to the same geographi-
cal region;
Aware of the serious threats of aggression that increasingly
menace the African continent in general and their countries in
particular as a result of foreign intervention;
Considering the fact that while the external defence of their
States is the sovereign responsibility of each of them, that
defence would nevertheless be made more effective by pooling
their respective resources;
Desiring to establish the methods of their co-operation in
matters of defence on the basis of equality, respect and mutual
interest;
Have agreed as follows:
Article 1. The Governments of the countries that are signato-
ries to this Agreement undertake not to use force to settle differ-
ences between them. They also undertake to provide mutual aid
and assistance for their defence against any aggression.