Treaty Instituting the Arab Maghreb UnionArticle 13. Warships flying the flags of third countries head-
ing for a port of one of the Parties situated along the route indi-
cated in article 11 of this annex must have the prior authoriza-
tion of that Party. The latter shall inform the other Party of the
arrival or departure of a foreign warship.
Article 14. Along the route indicated in article 11 of this
annex, in the zones which are under their respective jurisdic-
tions, the Parties undertake reciprocally to develop aids to navi-
gation and to co-ordinate them in order to facilitate navigation
and guarantee its security.
The usual navigation routes shall be permanently cleared of
all obstacles or activities which may affect navigation.
The Parties shall agree on traffic control systems for the
security of navigation in geographical areas where passage is
difficult.
Article 15. Chilean and Argentine vessels are not required to
take on pilots on the route indicated in article 11 of this annex.
Vessels flying the flags of third countries which navigate
from or to a port situated along that route must obey the
Pilotage Regulations of the country of the port of departure or
destination.
When such vessels navigate between ports of either Party,
they shall obey the Pilotage Regulations of the Party of the port
of departure and the Pilotage Regulations of the Party of the
port of arrival.
Article 16. The Parties shall apply their own regulations in
the matter of pilotage in the ports situated within their respec-
tive jurisdictions.
Vessels using pilots shall hoist the flag of the country whose
regulations they are applying.
Any vessel which uses pilotage services must pay the appro-
priate fees for these services and any other charge that exists in
this respect in the regulations of the Party responsible for the
pilotage.
The Parties shall provide pilots with maximum facilities in
the performance of their task. Pilots may disembark freely in
the ports of either Party.
The Parties shall strive to establish concordant and uniform
rules for pilotage.
[JAIME DEL VALLE ALLIENDE]
[DANTE MARIO CAPUTO]
4.1434 Treaty Instituting the Arab Maghreb
Union
Alliance Members:Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco, Libya, and Tunisia
Signed On:February 17, 1989, in the city of Marrakesh (Morocco). In
force as of date of publication of this volume.
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:United Nations Treaty,no. 26844.
SUMMARY
Originally devised by Libya’s Mu ̨ammar Gadhafi, this agreement had
as its main goal to encourage the integration of all North African Arab
states. The treaty mandated that members respond to any activities
that jeopardize the security of the other members. The treaty also
aimed to increase trade within the region by allowing free movement
across state borders. Also established were numerous organizational
structures, including a supreme council headed by the five nation-state
leaders, a Maghreb commission, a court, and a consultative chamber.
The nations also agreed to meet twice each year to discuss important
economic and social issues.
Aside from the mandates of the treaty, the treaty had two important
regional effects. First, it promised a clear framework for cooperation
between Morocco and Algeria, whose relations remained tense after
the Western Sahara war. Second, it provided an opportunity for Libya
to remain active in regional affairs in spite of the U.S. attempt to iso-
late Gadhafi.
The alliance proved ineffective in 1994 when the dispute between
Algeria and Morocco regarding Western Sahara resurfaced. Although
the organization still exists and meets, many of the nations involved
in the pact have turned their focus to other economic alliances,
including the European Union’s Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and
the community of Sahel-Saharan States.Alliance Text
In the name of God, the Clement, the Merciful
His Majesty Hassan II, King of the Kingdom of Morocco,
His Excellency Zein El Abidin Ben Ali, President of the Republic
of Tunisia,
His Excellency Shadli Ben Jedid, President of the People’s Dem-
ocratic Republic of Algeria,
The leader of the Great first of September Revolution,
Colonel Muammar Kaddafi, the Great Arab People’s Socialist
Libyan Jamahiriya,
And His Excellency Colonel Muawiya Uld Sidi Ahmed Tayea,
Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation
and Head of State of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania,
Having faith in the strong ties based on common history,
religion and language that unite the peoples of the Arab
Maghreb,
In response to the deep and firm aspirations of these peoples
and their leaders to establish a Union that would reinforce the
existing relations and provide them with the appropriate ways
and means to gradually proceed toward achieving a more com-
prehensive integration among themselves,
Conscious that this integration will have effects that will
enable the Arab Maghreb Union to acquire a specific weight
allowing it to make an effective contribution to world balance,
to the consolidation of peaceful relations within the interna-
tional community and to the establishment of security and sta-
bility in the world,
Aware that the institution of the Arab Maghreb Union
requires tangible achievements and the setting up of common
rules embodying the effective solidarity among its components
and ensuring their economic and social development,