Treaty on Allied Relations between Russia and Uzbekistan
- The two sides believe that bilateral economic cooperation
and trade should be strengthened. They stand ready to encour-
age and support, under conditions of the market economy,
enterprises of the two countries in their efforts to step up con-
tact, deepen mutual understanding and conduct multi-form
and mutually beneficial cooperation so as to facilitate contin-
ued development of the bilateral economic and trade ties. They
will provide facilities for the participation of each other’s enter-
prises and personnel in their respective economic development.
The Chinese side is ready to continue to give what assistance
it can to Fiji for its economic development, for which the Fijian
side expresses its gratitude.
The two sides will continue to take positive measures to fur-
ther the cooperation and exchanges between them in the scien-
tific, technological, cultural, education, health and other fields.
- The Fijian side reiterates its support for the position of the
Government of the People’s Republic of China that there is but
one China in the world, that the Government of the People’s
Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the
whole of China and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of Chi-
nese territory.
The Fijian side further agrees that the question of Taiwan is
entirely China’s internal affairs and that it respects and supports
the efforts of China in safeguarding its national unity and hopes
to see its early reunification.
Accordingly the Fijian side reassures the Government of the
People’s Republic of China that its relationship with Taiwan is
strictly for the purpose of promoting economic and commer-
cial ties and it will not engage in any form of contact with Tai-
wan that is not consistent to the one China position of the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China.
The Chinese side highly appreciates the clear position of the
Fijian side on the Taiwan question.
- The Chinese side reiterates that it supports the independ-
ence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of the
Fiji Islands, and supports Fiji in its vigorous efforts to safeguard
national independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity.
The Chinese side hopes to see Fiji enjoy social stability, ethnic
harmony and economic growth and actively contributing to
safeguarding and promoting stability and prosperity in the
South Pacific region.
The Fijian side values the important role played by China in
international affairs and speaks highly of the positive contribu-
tion made by China as a permanent member of the U.N. Secu-
rity Council in safeguarding world peace and expects China’s
continued role in this regard.
- The two sides believe that democratization of the interna-
tional relations meets and reflects the requirements and desires
of the vast majority of countries in the international commu-
nity. All countries, big or small, rich or poor, strong or weak, are
equal members of the international community and have the
equal rights to take part in international affairs. Every country
has the right to choose, in light of its national conditions, its
social system and road to development independently. The two
sides stand ready to boost cooperation in the UN and other
international organizations and work with the rest of the inter-
national community for the establishment of a fair, rational and
equitable new international political and economic order.
- The two sides hold that terrorism is a serious challenge to
human civilization and that it poses a threat to international
peace and security. They support the fight against all forms of
terrorism and call for the prevention and suppression of terror-
ist acts in all forms. They stress that there should be no double
standard on the question of counter-terrorism and that the root
causes for terrorism should be eradicated once and for all. They
maintain that international cooperation and solidarity should
be reinforced on combating international terrorism and that
the leading role of the United Nations and its Security Council
should be brought into full play.
Zhu Rongji
Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic
of China
Laisenia Qarase
Prime Minister of the Republic of the Fiji Islands
Done in Beijing on 27 May 2002.
5.1453 Treaty on Allied Relations between Rus-
sia and Uzbekistan
Alliance Members:Russia and Uzbekistan
Signed On:November 14, 2005, in the city of Moscow. In force as of
date of publication of this volume.
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:Moscow News,November 16, 2005.
SUMMARY
The Uzbek government had been a staunch ally of the United States
during the U.S. “war on terror” after September 11, 2001. Because
Uzbekistan shares a border with Afghanistan, the U.S. military used
the Karshi-Khanabad installation for air operations in the region,
while President Islom Karimov’s government received $500 million
annually in economic and military aid from the U.S. government. This
close relationship began to change following the Andijon massacre on
May 13, 2005.
The so-called color revolutions had been progressing across the
Eurasian region during the two years before the massacre; they
included protests leading to the ouster of authoritarian governments
in Georgia’s 2003 Rose Revolution, Ukraine’s 2004 Orange Revolution,
and Kyrgyzstan’s 2005 Tulip Revolution. Fearing the effects of similar
protests in their own country, Uzbek troops fired into protesting
crowds in the eastern Uzbek city of Andijon and killed approximately
200 people, according to Uzbek government estimates, or as many as
5,000 people, according to some outside evaluations of the massacre.
The United States joined the European Union (EU) in calling for
investigations into the incident. President Karimov responded by
severing military ties with the United States, closing Uzbek air bases to
