146 Chapter 2
Narrative: On May 13, 1997, while diplomats were negotiating the border dispute, Peru-
vian forces stopped and detained six Ecuadorians inside of Peru. The soldiers were carry-
ing weapons and land mines. A Peruvian helicopter committed a border violation in June,
but Peru claimed Ecuador committed numerous violations as well. Peru began military
exercises in early September and accused Ecuador of firing grenades across the border at
the Venceremos military post in the disputed Amazon region on October 19. These inci-
dents led both sets of leaders to accelerate border talks, but no agreement was imminent.
Coding changes: End Date changed from October 19, 1997. Settlement changed from
None.
MID#4189
Dispute Number: 4189
Date(s): July 1998 to October 26, 1998
Participants: 130 Ecuador/135 Peru
Outcome (and Settlement): Compromise (Negotiated)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: This particular dispute over the Cordillera del Condor began when
Ecuadorian troops occupied territory east of the crest of the Cordillera del Condor
mountain range in July 1998. Peru refused to engage in talks with Ecuador as long
as Ecuadorian troops continued to occupy the upper eastern slopes of the mountain
range. No clashes took place, but two Peruvian soldiers were injured when they
stepped on land mines near the disputed border. Peru continued to send reinforce-
ments. On August 13, Peru and Ecuador reached an agreement whereby both sides
would withdraw their troops from a 30-mile by 1.8-mile zone under the auspices of
the Military Observer Mission Ecuador-Peru (MOMEP). Ecuador and Peru began to
dismantle bases they had erected during their earlier fight in 1995, and in September
both began to withdraw. Ecuadorian mines injured two more, including a Peruvian
officer, leading Ecuador to submit a map of mined areas to MOMEP. On October 26,
Presidents Witt (Ecuador) and Fujimori (Peru) signed an agreement to end the border
dispute. The agreement provided one square kilometer of Peruvian territory in the
middle of the jungle (Twinza) and another 34 kilometers on the border to Ecuador. In
return, Peru received a 75-kilometer area of the border region.
Coding changes: End Date changed from August 13, 1998.
130 Ecuador/230 Spain
MID#1482
Started in February 1865. See the narrative in the 155 Chile/230 Spain dyad dispute list.
135 Peru/140 Brazil
MID#1163
Dispute Number: 1163
Date(s): October 21, 1902 to July 12, 1904
Participants: 135 Peru/140 Brazil
Outcome (and Settlement): Compromise (Negotiated)