Western Hemisphere 167
relations, and five days later Brazil passed a decree of neutrality. However, one month
later, on May 27, the committee on foreign relations drafted a measure to cancel neu-
trality and passed it overwhelmingly the next day. The attacks on Brazilian vessels
continued, and on October 26, Brazil declared war on Germany. Brazil participated in
the war by sending warships to European waters.
Coding changes: End Date changed from November 11, 1918. Outcome changed
from Unclear.
MID#258
Started in March 1939. See the narrative in the 255 Germany/290 Poland dyad dispute
list.
MID#3503
Dispute Number: 3503
Date(s): February 15, 1942 to August 22, 1942
Participants: 140 Brazil/255 Germany, 325 Italy
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: 26–100 deaths
Narrative: Beginning on February 15, 1942, with the sinking of a Brazilian freighter,
Germany was active in the war in the Atlantic. Then, on August 13, and continuing for
nine days, Axis submarines torpedoed six Brazilian ships and over 600 were killed. A
week of anti-Nazi riots ensued in Brazil, until a declaration of war was issued against
Germany and Italy on August 22.
Brazil joined the Allied powers and was a major supplier of natural resources.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from August 22, 1942. End Date changed from
February 22, 1943. Fatalities changed from None.
140 Brazil/325 Italy
MID#3503
Started in February 1942. See the narrative in the 140 Brazil/255 Germany dyad dis-
pute list.
140 Brazil/365 Russia
MID#2860
Dispute Number: 2860
Date(s): March 28, 1959
Participants: 140 Brazil/365 Russia
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)