218 Chapter 3
200 United Kingdom/310 Hungary
MID#1265
Dispute Number: 1265
Date(s): March 20, 1919 to August 18, 1919
Participants: 200 United Kingdom, 220 France, 315 Czechoslovakia, 325 Italy, 345
Yugoslavia, 360 Romania/310 Hungary
Outcome (and Settlement): Victory for side A (Imposed)
Fatalities: >999 deaths
Narrative: Hungary was a new interstate system member after World War I, which
eliminated Austria-Hungary (to which Hungary was a junior partner) from the interna-
tional system. However, Hungary’s new independence was not without peril. Hungary
was under pressure by the Allied powers, and they expected proper reparation for
Hungary’s previous association with the Central Powers. Conservative sentiments and
Communists alike made the transition difficult for new prime minister Mihaly Kar-
olyi. Frustrated, Karolyi resigned his post, which opened the door for the Communists
to take power and declare the Hungarian Soviet Republic in March 1919. Romania,
Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia used the opportunity to press their demands for
Hungarian territory, though the World War I’s conclusion already gave these states
de facto occupation of what they were demanding.
With the blessing of the French and Italians, Romania attacked Hungary on April 16,
- Czechoslovakia joined them on April 26, though a Hungarian counteroffensive
against Czechoslovakia led to the occupation of eastern Slovakia and the temporary
emergence of the Slovak Socialist Republic on June 16. The Allies pressured all sides to
end the conflict, which ultimately came when the Romanians and Czechs occupied Buda-
pest on August 14. As a result, Hungary capitulated to the ongoing Treaty of Trianon
discussions. The treaty was concluded on June 4, 1920, effectively determining what
Hungary’s punishment would be for World War I. The treaty provided a strong punish-
ment, too. Beyond the war reparations paid to the Allies, Hungary lost approximately
three-fourths its prewar territory as the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary. It also lost
well over half of its population. These were divvied up among the allies in the Balkans.
200 United Kingdom/315 Czechoslovakia
MID#27
Started in July 1961. See the narrative in the 2 United States of America/365 Russia
dyad dispute list.
200 UNITED KINGDOM/329 TWO SICILIES
MID#198
Dispute Number: 198
Date(s): September 1, 1848 to September 11, 1848