Europe 253
additional set of reinforcements arrived in both Angola and Mozambique in October.
Small clashes and seizures were numerous until February 1915.
Coding changes: End Date changed from Missing.
MID#395
Dispute Number: 395
Date(s): February 23, 1916 to March 10, 1916
Participants: 255 Germany/235 Portugal
Outcome (and Settlement): Joins ongoing war (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: Fulfilling a request by Britain and citing Portugal’s poor economic situ-
ation, the Portuguese premier ordered the seizure of German merchant ships in Por-
tuguese ports. Germany protested and declared war when Portugal refused to release
the vessels.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from February 1916. Fatalities changed from
Missing.
MID#3713
Dispute Number: 3713
Date(s): July 25, 1940
Participants: 255 Germany/235 Portugal
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: German planes torpedoed the Portuguese steamship Alfa while it was
bound for England with a load of bananas.
MID#421
Dispute Number: 421
Date(s): October 12, 1941 to December 15, 1941
Participants: 255 Germany/235 Portugal
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: German U-boats sank two Portuguese freighters in the Atlantic.
Coding changes: End Date changed from Missing.
235 Portugal/345 Yugoslavia
MID#3551
Started in July 1992. See the narrative in the 2 United States of America/345 Yugo-
slavia dyad dispute list.