Europe 303
Meanwhile, Hungary replaced the paramilitary troops with regular troops.
On September 24, the Council of Ambassadors threatened to force Hungary to
leave Burgenland if Hungary did not withdraw within 10 days. Four days later Hun-
gary notified the Council that it intended to withdraw, and it asked for direct negotia-
tions with Austria over the dispute. On October 13, Hungary and Austria signed an
agreement to hold a plebiscite in Burgenland. The plebiscite took place in December
and gave most of the disputed territory to Austria. Italy provided mediation, and
Czechoslovakia offered to mediate.
MID#2878
Dispute Number: 2878
Date(s): July 31, 1960 to August 1, 1960
Participants: 305 Austria/310 Hungary
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: On September 23, 1960, the Austrian government handed a protest to
the Italian and Hungarian governments alleging border violations by both sides.
MID#2877 discusses the protest to Italy. Hungary also accused Austria of espionage
activities along the border as well as frequent airspace violations.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from September 25, 1960. End Date changed
from September 25, 1960.
305 Austria/325 Italy
MID#3181
Dispute Number: 3181
Date(s): August 24, 1922 to September 15, 1922
Participants: 325 Italy, 345 Yugoslavia/305 Austria, 360 Romania
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (Negotiated)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: The Austrian economy was destroyed following World War I and pre-
sented a problem for neighboring states. One proposal had Austria joining Germany.
However, on August 24, 1922, Italy stated that a union of Austria with Germany or
into the Little Entente, which consisted of Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and Yugosla-
via, would be viewed as a cause for war. On August 30, Italian and Yugoslav forces
massed along the Austrian borders. Austria threatened the League of Nations, specifi-
cally the United Kingdom, that, if they failed to help Austria out of its crisis, then it
would join Germany.
Negotiations were successful on September 15, when an American banker offered
a loan to Austria, and Italy and Czechoslovakia guaranteed the interest.
Coding changes: Dropped from the dispute: 200 United Kingdom, 310 Hungary,
and 315 Czechoslovakia. Outcome changed from Unclear. Settlement changed from
None.