Middle East 507
inspections. The incidents mostly comprised shows of force by both sides with threats
to use force made by Iraq against American and British warplanes flying patrols in
their imposed no-fly zone. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait were also involved with clashes
along their respective borders. Circumstances changed in 2003 when the United States
demanded compliance from Saddam Hussein and began a buildup of forces, prepar-
ing for an attack. Coalition forces—mostly comprised by US military—attacked and
quickly overran Iraq, while Saddam Hussein went into hiding. Occupation of Iraq
followed, and American ground forces remain in the country as of 2017.
2 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA/651 EGYPT
MID#200
Started in September 1955. See the narrative in the 651 Egypt/666 Israel dyad dispute
list.
MID#607
Started in April 1957. See the narrative in the 652 Syria/663 Jordan dyad dispute list.
MID#125
Dispute Number: 125
Date(s): May 14, 1958 to October 28, 1958
Participants: 2 United States of America, 200 United Kingdom/365 Russia, 645 Iraq,
651 Egypt
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (Negotiated)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: Fearful of United Arab Republic interference during a period of unrest,
Lebanon requested military aid from the United States. The United States sent the
Sixth Fleet to the coast of Lebanon. After the overthrow of the Iraqi monarchy, Ameri-
can marines entered Lebanon, while Britain sent troops into Jordan. The Soviet Union
began staging military maneuvers on the Turkish border in response. The United
States withdrew their troops after the Arab countries signed a pact agreeing to not
interfere in each other’s affairs.
Coding changes: Added to the dispute: 640 Turkey. End Date changed from October
24, 1958. Outcome changed from Unclear. Settlement changed from Unclear.
MID#2906
Dispute Number: 2906
Date(s): December 19, 1964
Participants: 651 Egypt/2 United States of America
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None