Western Hemisphere 25
A protocol was signed on June 24, roughly a month after Huerta’s defeat to Consti-
tutionalist forces seemed imminent. Huerta fled the country on July 15. The American
withdrawal from Veracruz was delayed momentarily in order to gauge Carranza’s
commitment to order and proper exercise of authority. Satisfied, the US secretary of
war gave the order to withdraw from Veracruz on November 20. The United States
withdrew on November 23, without incident.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from April 9, 1914. Outcome changed from
Victory for side A. Settlement changed from Imposed.
MID#1775
Dispute Number: 1775
Date(s): June 2, 1915 to July 30, 1915
Participants: 2 United States of America/70 Mexico
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: The fact that the Mexican Civil War had not ceased by 1915 was an
embarrassment to President Woodrow Wilson. During the Battle of Leon during May
and June 1915, and under intense pressure to intervene, Wilson threatened to intervene
in the war on June 2. The president put an embargo on arms sent to Mexico. On July
30 President Wilson’s peace plan was put into effect with the full support and sanction
of the US government. A few days later, other Latin American countries joined the
United States in New York to diplomatically solve the problem in Mexico.
Coding changes: End Date changed from Missing.
MID#321
Dispute Number: 321
Date(s): March 15, 1916 to February 5, 1917
Participants: 2 United States of America/70 Mexico
Outcome (and Settlement): Victory for side A (None)
Fatalities: 26–100 deaths
Narrative: The United States sent a military expedition led by John Pershing into
Mexico to apprehend the Mexican bandit Pancho Villa. In addition to battling Villa’s
men, Pershing’s troops also clashed with Mexican regulars. The expedition lasted for
nearly 11 months before withdrawing in failure.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from March 10, 1916. Outcome changed from
Victory for side A. Fatalities changed from Missing.
MID#2184
Dispute Number: 2184
Date(s): March 28, 1918 to April 10, 1918
Participants: 70 Mexico/2 United States of America
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: 1–25 deaths