Middle East 553
preservation of arms by insurgents, and the consuls of the powers supervise reforms
in the Ottoman Empire. If there was not peace by the end of the armistice, the pow-
ers would send in forces to end the “evil.” This last phrase constituted a threat to use
force.
MID#141
Started in June 1880. See the narrative in the 200 United Kingdom/640 Turkey dyad
dispute list.
MID#56
Started in March 1897. See the narrative in the 200 United Kingdom/350 Greece dyad
dispute list.
MID#3850
Dispute Number: 3850
Date(s): January 28, 1940 to February 19, 1941
Participants: 255 Germany, 355 Bulgaria/640 Turkey
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: On January 28, 1940, Germany warned that it would not tolerate a change
in the neutral policy of the Balkan Entente, would be opposed to expanding the bloc,
and promised force if either of those changes were made. The Germans feared that
Turkey, an ally of Britain and France, would transform the entente.
On October 10, 1940, Bulgaria massed troops along its frontiers with Turkey and
Greece. On November 10, Turkey warned Bulgaria that any movement it made toward
Turkey “would be considered sufficient cause for war.” On February 19, 1941, Tur-
key and Bulgaria signed a nonaggression pact, and the Axis powers interpreted this
as allowing German as well as Bulgarian troops to march through to Greece without
action by Turkey.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from January 19, 1940. End Date changed from
February 20, 1941.
MID#614
Dispute Number: 614
Date(s): February 23, 1945
Participants: 640 Turkey/255 Germany, 740 Japan
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (Unclear)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: The Allied powers had decided at the Yalta conference that only countries
who declared war on the Axis by March 1, 1945, could participate in the San Fran-
cisco World Security Conference. Turkey then declared war on Germany and Japan
in order to participate in the conference.