636 Chapter 5
MID#4158
Dispute Number: 4158
Date(s): March 20, 1995 to July 10, 1995
Participants: 640 Turkey/645 Iraq
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: Turkey attacked Kurdish Workers’ Party forces based in Iraq.
MID#4206
Dispute Number: 4206
Date(s): September 5, 1996 to February 17, 1999
Participants: 640 Turkey/645 Iraq
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: This dispute describes a campaign by Turkey to root out Kurdistan
Workers’ Party actions in northern Iraq. Turkey crossed the border and conducted a
series of raids six separate times over a period of three-and-one-half years. Iraq never
responded but did protest Turkish actions.
MID#4273
Started in October 1997. See the narrative in the 2 United States of America/645 Iraq
dyad dispute list.
MID#4208
Dispute Number: 4208
Date(s): September 29, 1999 to October 1999
Participants: 640 Turkey/645 Iraq
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: On September 29, 1999, thousands of Turkish troops launched an offen-
sive from three different points on the border into Northern Iraq against Kurdistan
Workers’ Party (PKK) rebels. The rebel camps were met with air strikes from Turkish
fighter jets and advancements by ground troops. The PKK had just announced that it
would pull out of Turkey after a 15-year fight for independence, after its leader had
been arrested for treason. Turkey dismissed the pledge as “propaganda.” In October,
Iraq asked the United Nations to urge Turkey to withdraw troops from Northern Iraq
and prevent further incursions.
MID#4324
Dispute Number: 4324
Date(s): May 23, 2000 to January 2001