Western Hemisphere 45
after Andrew Jackson) with him. Shortly thereafter, the United States began naval
preparations and the French dispatched a fleet to the West Indies.
By the end of 1835, Jackson again refused to budge. The beginning of 1836
brought calm to both states in their crisis. Both were willing to make concessions, but
unwilling to risk a blow to national pride. The British intervened. The exigencies of
continental politics in Europe made the British mortified that the French would waste
resources in a pointless conflict with the United States. A breakthrough was achieved
in January 1836, with British assistance. France now interpreted Jackson’s numerous
“explanatory” messages, where he refused to apologize, as an apology itself. It even-
tually arranged payment of the previous indemnity and diplomatic relations resumed
between both states. The crisis formally ended on February 15, 1836.
Coding changes: End Date changed from Missing.
MID#1631
Started in December 1860. See the narrative in the 2 United States of America/200
United Kingdom dyad dispute list.
MID#1800
Dispute Number: 1800
Date(s): June 1865 to September 1865
Participants: 2 United States of America/220 France
Outcome (and Settlement): Yield by side B (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: The French had intervened in Mexico in support of Emperor Maximilian,
despite the opposition of the United States. With the end of the American Civil War,
the United States increased pressure on France to withdraw from Mexico. An Ameri-
can force led by General Sheridan began making shows of force up and down the
Rio Grande. On February 12, 1866, Secretary of State Seward sent a letter to France
demanding withdrawal.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from August 1, 1865. End Date changed from
February 12, 1866.
MID#1644
Started in January 1895. See the narrative in the 42 Dominican Republic/220 France
dyad dispute list.
2 United States of America/230 Spain
MID#3239
Dispute Number: 3239
Date(s): July 10, 1816 to July 27, 1816