752 Chapter 6
gateway into South Sinkiang. When Ch’ung Ho—the diplomat who negotiated the
treaty—returned to China with news of the treaty, the Chinese were so upset with the
terms of the agreement that it was renounced in February 1880, and Ch’ung Ho was
ordered decapitated. There was a very real possibility of war between the two sides,
though the last incident—a Chinese fortification of the area surrounding the capital—
occurred in June 1880. Tseng Chi-Tse, the Chinese minister to Russia, was able to
renegotiate a new treaty that was signed in St. Petersburg on February 24, 1881. In this
new agreement, Russia agreed to cede the previously mentioned territory, including
the Tekkes River Valley, for an increased indemnity of 9,000,000 rubles. Further, the
Chinese agreed to host Russian consulates at Urumtsi, Guchhen, Hami, Turpan, and
Kashargh in an appendix signed in 1882.
Coding changes: End Date changed from July 1880.
MID#3249
Dispute Number: 3249
Date(s): August 1891 to February 1892
Participants: 365 Russia/710 China
Outcome (and Settlement): Yield by side B (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: In August 1891, China claimed that Russia had invaded their territory
by sending troops into the Pamir region. China stated that Russian occupation of the
region would be a breach of the treaty of Livadia, and troops were sent by the gov-
ernor of Chinese Turkestan to protect the frontier. The Pamir region was important
for its passes and routes that Russian forces could use to get through to China, India,
and Afghanistan. The Russians withdrew from Pamir in September 1892, but it was
unclear whether the move was due to the protests of China or the objections of Britain.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from July 1891. End Date changed from Octo-
ber 1892. Outcome changed from Yield by side B.
MID#378
Dispute Number: 378
Date(s): March 6, 1898
Participants: 365 Russia/710 China
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: Russia demanded that China hand over Port Arthur and Ta-lien-wan, as
well as the rights to construct a railway in the area. Russia threatened to move troops
into Manchuria if China did not comply. China acquiesced to Russian demands.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from March 24, 1898. End Date changed from
March 24, 1898. Outcome changed from Unclear.
MID#31
Started in May 1900. See the narrative in the 200 United Kingdom/710 China dyad
dispute list.