Asia 867
waited to make a decision about whether his kingdom should join Pakistan or India.
An armed revolt erupted. In October 1947, 2,000 Pashtuns from Pakistan invaded
Kashmir. The maharaja requested Indian help in exchange for temporary accession
to India, after which a plebiscite would be held. Pakistan objected; at first individual
Pakistani soldiers joined the fight but by May 1948 the Pakistani military had become
involved. In response to the violence the United Nations created the Commission for
India and Pakistan (UNCIP). Pakistan and India accepted a UNCIP ceasefire resolu-
tion on January 1, 1949, and signed a formal delimitation of the ceasefire line in July
1949.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from September 26, 1947.
MID#2625
Dispute Number: 2625
Date(s): April 14, 1949 to July 26, 1949
Participants: 770 Pakistan/750 India
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (Negotiated)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: India and Pakistan agreed upon a Kashmiri ceasefire line in early 1949 and
submitted their dispute to an outside arbitration committee from the United Nations. On
April 14, a foreign spokesperson for the Indian government alleged a violation of the
Kashmiri ceasefire agreement by Pakistan, endangering the ongoing process of truce
negotiations. On July 26, both governments ratified a formal agreement of the new
Kashmiri ceasefire line that followed closely the agreement made the previous January.
Coding changes: End Date changed from July 19, 1949. Outcome changed from
Unclear. Settlement changed from None.
MID#1308
Dispute Number: 1308
Date(s): February 23, 1950 to June 11, 1950
Participants: 750 India/770 Pakistan
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (Negotiated)
Fatalities: 26–100 deaths
Narrative: In January 1950, leaders of both India and Pakistan began making threats
of war related to the Kashmir dispute, likely also fueled by economic tensions. Both
sides increased military budgets during late winter/spring of 1950 even as the UN
Security Council considered the issue and pursued mediation efforts. Despite a series
of negotiation attempts throughout the spring and summer, no agreements were
reached. In June 1950, the two militaries clashed on the border of Pakistan and the
Indian state of Jammu. Pakistan denied that its troops were involved however. UN
talks began regarding the incident on the same day. Mediation efforts to resolve the
Kashmir question took place throughout the summer, but no agreements were reached
that resolved the Kashmir dispute.