880 Chapter 6
Date(s): April 25, 1991 to September 2, 1991
Participants: 750 India/770 Pakistan
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: 26–100 deaths
Narrative: On April 25, 1991, Indian and Pakistani forces exchanged fire across the
control line in Kashmir. One Indian soldier and five Pakistanis died, and 13 others
suffered injuries. On May 17, Pakistan charged that India was using a military post
to fire at travelers across the border. Pakistan attacked that military post and killed up
to 90 Indian soldiers along the Northern Indian border in Kashmir; this added to the
increased tensions due to the disputes between Indian forces and militant groups. On
September 3, India attempted to attack Pakistani border posts, Pakistani forces crossed
the ceasefire line and exchanged fire with the Indian forces. Six soldiers—three Indian
and three Pakistani—were killed.
Coding changes: Start Date changed from May 1, 1991. Fatalities changed from
Missing.
MID#4007
Dispute Number: 4007
Date(s): September 17, 1993 to July 17, 1999
Participants: 770 Pakistan/750 India
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: >999 deaths
Narrative: On September 17, 1993, soldiers from India and Pakistan clashed, kill-
ing three. Indian officials claimed the fighting occurred as Pakistani soldiers fired on
Indian soldiers in an attempt to sneak guerrillas into India. This brief clash started
almost continual fighting that lasted for almost six years, causing more than one
thousand deaths. The conflict ended in stalemate when Pakistani troops finally exited
Kashmir (on September 9, 1993), and the majority of fighting ceased.
Coding changes: Outcome changed from Unclear.
MID#4223
Dispute Number: 4223
Date(s): July 18, 1999 to October 28, 2000
Participants: 750 India/770 Pakistan
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: 26–100 deaths
Narrative: This dispute describes border tensions between India and Pakistan begin-
ning in July 1999 with a clash of forces in Kashmir. Both sides were involved in bor-
der and airspace violations, and both initiated troop and air clashes in a total of almost
10 militarized incidents. The conflict continued even after the October 1999 coup in
Pakistan. The last incident in the conflict was a series of Indian military exercises in
October 2000.