Book V 355including Squad Commander (xiaoqi) Yi Hanni, and sent them to the
Regional Military Commission of Liaodong. Later, on the thirteenth day of
the fifth month of the twenty- sixth year (1393) of the reign of Hongwu, I
received your letter and immediately ordered all the local governments in
the Northwest Region to search these people out. Consequently, 383 people,
with their families, including a Korean named Pak Nyong, as well as Kim
Wan’gwi, battalion commander of a strategic point (p’ajŏl ch’ŏnho), were
captured, and I had them all repatriated to China under the escort of Cho
Ŏn, former second royal secretary. In addition, I discovered 116 Jurchens,
including Jiuyitu, residing in our territory and entrusted them to Wang
Tuohuan Buhua, a visiting Chinese battalion commander, for their supervi-
sion. With his help, we delivered them to the Regional Military Commission
of Liaodong and made other personnel exchanges at that time, and the impe-
rial envoys Hwang Yŏnggi and Ch’oe Yŏn witnessed it on their way home.
It took place in the eighth month of the twenty- sixth year of the reign of
Hongwu.
“The fourth item was as follows: ‘According to the report sent from
Liaodong, a robber was arrested in the seventh month this year. Upon inter-
rogation, he turned out to be a man named Chang Kalmae, a subordinate of
Hadugan, the chiliarch of Ch’ŏngsan, a strategic point in Haeju, Korea.
Chang confessed that the king of Koryŏ gave Hadugan thirty rolls of dark-
colored hemp fabric and ordered him to prepare seventeen ships, each with
forty soldiers, eighteen rowers, and one captain on board. Then he made
Chiliarch Wu of the Yan River^28 supervise the whole operation and finally
let them depart on the fifth day of the seventh month. Those aboard the
ships disguised themselves as Japanese pirates, and the ships were all
painted black so that they would resemble merchant ships. Their real pur-
pose, however, was to gather information on China’s domestic situation.
When they came across the Chinese authorities, they introduced themselves
as Japanese merchants and robbed civilians traveling along the river roads.
Furthermore, they captured nine eunuchs [who were in exile] and killed one
of them. They released six but detained the remaining two eunuchs to use
as guides. On the twenty- eighth day of the seventh month, they arrived at
Wei Island in Jinzhou, and Chiliarch Wu led all the soldiers ashore, leaving
- It is not clear who Chiliarch Wu is. If he is a Korean, his surname should be O. In addi-
tion, it is very unlikely that a Korean served as chiliarch of the Yan River in China. There is no
river in Korea under such name.