Book V 369guards (sa) should have five commanders (yŏng) assigned to five units (i.e.,
middle, left, right, forward, and rear units), and they should be incorporated
into the Middle Army (Chunggun).
“The name of the Left and Right Guard (Chwa u wi) should be changed
to Yongyang sunwisa; Divine Tiger Guard (Sinhowi) to Yonggi sunwisa; and
Elite Striking Guard (Hŭngwiwi) to Yongmu Sunwisa.
“Each of these guards should have five commanders assigned to five units
(i.e., middle, left, right, forward, and rear units), and they should be incor-
porated into the Left Army (Chwagun).
“The name of the Patrolling Personal Guard (Pisunwi) should be changed
to Hobun sunwisa; Thousand Bull Guard (Ch’ŏnuwi) to Hoik sunwisa; and
Palace Gate Guard (Kammunwi) to Hoyong sunwisa.
“The name of the Left and Right Guard (Chwa u wi) should be changed
into Yongyang sunwisa; the name of the Divine Tiger Guard (Sinhowi) to
Yonggi sunwisa; and the name of the Elite Striking Guard (Hŭngwiwi) to
Yongmu Sunwisa.
“Each of these guards should have five commanders who are to be
assigned to the Right Army (Ugun). The above ten royal guards, including
siwisa and sunwisa, should be separately provided with an official seal
of cast iron, and those seals should be managed by the commander- in-
chief (towi).
“1. The titles of generals should be changed as follows: supreme general
(sang changgun) to to wisa, and general- in- chief (tae changgun) to to ch’ŏm
wisa. The titles of generals commanding various royal guards should be
changed to chunggun sama, chwagun sama, and ugun sama, respectively.
The title of commanders should be changed as follows: general (changgun)
to sama; commandant (chung nangjang) to sajik; vice commandant (nang-
jang) t o p u sajik; subcolonel (pyŏlchang) t o sajŏng; executive captain (sanwŏn)
to pu sajŏng; captain (wi) to taejang; and lieutenant (chŏng) to taebu.
“The title of the Palace Patrol Battalion (Tobuoe) should be changed to
Middle Army (Chunggun) and staffed with 1 commandant (sajik), 1 vice
commandant (pu sajik), 2 subcolonels (sajŏng), 3 executive captains (pu
sajŏng), 20 captains (taejang), and 20 lieutenants (taebu). The Left Army
(Chwagun) should be staffed with 1 commandant, 1 vice commandant, 2
subcolonels, 3 executive officers, 20 captains, and 20 lieutenants. The Right
Army (Ugun) should also be staffed in the same way as above.
“Each brigade (sa) should be commanded by 1 supreme general (to wisa)
and 2 generals- in- chief (to ch’ŏm wisa), and each battalion by 1 general,