556 t h e a n n a l s o f k i n g t’a e j o
king] were: Guaeryabaersu, a member of the Wulanghe tribe of Tumen;
Guaerya Qimuna, Davina, and Keerdage,^64 members of the Wudihe tribe of
Xianzhen who inhabited Guzhou; Alahaboyan, a member of the Southern
Tujue tribe, a branch of the Wudiha tribe, who inhabited the Suping River;
Guaeryatuchenggai of Yanchun, a member of the Wudiha tribe of Kuoerkan;
and so forth.
After ascending the throne, the king appointed these Jurchen leaders,
appropriately, as myriarchs and chiliarchs and let the Jurchens submit them-
selves peacefully by sending Yi Turan [who was the king’s trusted Jurchen
leader]. As a result, they abandoned their custom of having their hair loose
and wore hats and belts. They also changed their barbarous behavior and
practiced proper manners. They intermarried with our people, performed
corvée service, and paid taxes just as our people did. Besides, feeling ashamed
to live under their chief, they all wanted to become the citizens of our land.
From Kongju to the north of Kapsan,^65 the government established towns
and garrisons and governed the people, providing them with military
training and schooling in the classics. Thereafter, the government of culture
and military arts was finally realized in that region, and the land that
stretched a thousand li was added to our national territory, with the Tumen
River as our border.
Tribes of different customs across the river [Tuman] and over areas
reaching as far as Juzhou heard the rumor and admired our culture. So they
personally visited our court or sent their sons and brothers or voluntarily
made themselves retainers to attend our king. Some of them requested
public employment, migrated to our territory, or presented their local prod-
ucts, and people like them formed long lines on the road. If their mares gave
birth to foals of outstanding quality, they vied with one another to present
them to us.
If it happened that some of the residents on the riverside filed lawsuits
against our people, our government adjudicated them, either putting them
into jail or punishing them by beating them with the paddle, but none dared
to complain against our military commanders on the border. When they
went hunting, they wanted to join our Three Armies, and when they hunted
animals, they presented them to our authorities, and when they violated the- According to a source, Qimuna is a family name. However, this family name in the
sentence is attached only to the first person, Guaerya, which suggests that possibly the three
men are brothers. - Kapsan Strategic Prefecture in North Hamgyŏng Province.