The Mercenary Mediterranean_ Sovereignty, Religion, and Violence in the Medieval Crown of Aragon - Hussein Fancy

(Steven Felgate) #1

112 chapter five


To say then that the jenets were above the law, exceptions to the law,

means little in practice to the unfolding of the events above. Circumstance

and practice brought the jenets into contact with royal officials, Christian

soldiers, and Christian villagers, each of whom understood law and legiti-

macy in their own terms. In other words, this contested territory was a zone

of overlapping and competing jurisdictions. But as the case above dem-

onstrates, the Aragonese kings were able to turn these complications to

their advantage. If, in the abstract, sovereignty is defined by coercion and

decision, then in practice, Aragonese royal power succeeded through de-

flection and indecision. If the Crown permitted the Muslim jenets to stand

outside the law, to be lawless, then it only partially enforced that privilege.

It tacitly legitimated violent attacks against its disposable agents, the jen-

ets. The overall effect of privileged exception and royal indecision were

the same: the Aragonese kings profited from the violence of these soldiers

while simultaneously disavowing them, marking them as outsiders and

non- Christians.

Blood and Belonging

In November 1290 , in the midst of Abenadalil’s struggles in Calatayud,

King Alfons wrote the following letter to the Mudéjar çalmedine (ṣāḥib

al- madīna), a community leader, of nearby Zaragoza:

We know that a certain Saracen named Mahumet Sugeray, a soldier of our
esteemed nobleman, Abenadalil, captain of the jenets, very much loves (diligit
multum) a certain Saracen woman of Zaragoza, named Fatima, daughter of
Abdullasis, whom he wants to lead into marriage. Therefore, we tell and order
you immediately to arrange that this Saracen man should have that Saracen
woman in marriage.^72

Set against the violent and exclusionary acts above, this document of-

fers a way to imagine how and why the jenets remained and lived in the

kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon. If marriage suggests affiliation, then

perhaps one can argue that interactions between the Crown of Aragon’s

Mudéjares and the jenets fostered a sense of brotherhood and community.

What was the nature of this community? Was religion a sufficient condi-

tion for inclusion? How did the unique relationship that each of these

groups had with the Crown shape and affect their bond? And finally, how

did the Crown react to their association?
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