notes to pages 31–32 169
Rouighi, The Making of a Mediterranean Emirate: Ifrīqiyā and Its Andalusis, 1200 –
1400. See also Dominique Valérian, Bougie, port maghrébin, 1067 — 1510.
88. ACA, R. 46 , fol. 120 r ( 19 Sep. 1283 ), records the arrest of certain Christian
mercenaries for plotting against the Ḥafṣid sultan. Charles- Emmanuel Dufourcq,
“La Couronne d’Aragon et les Hafsides au XIIIe siècle ( 1229 – 1301 ),” Analecta Sa-
cra Tarraconensia 25 ( 1952 ): 53 ; and idem, L’Espagne catalane, 96 , 104 , and 262 – 63.
See also Anne- Marie Eddé, Françoise Micheau, and Christophe Picard, Commu-
nautés chrétiennes en pays d’Islam: Du début du VIIe siècle au milieu du XIe siècle.
89. ACA, R. 47 , fols. 81 r – 82 v (June 1285 ). See also Louis de Mas Latrie, Traités
de paix et de commerce et documents divers concernant les relations des chrétiens
avec les arabes de l’Afrique septentrionale au moyen âge, 286 ff; and Brunschvig,
Berbérie orientale, I: 96.
90. See EI 2 , s.v. “ ‘Abd al- Wādids.”
91. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 88 – 89 , 192 , on the Battle of Īslī ( 1271 ). See
also Dufourcq, L’Espagne catalane, 314 ff.
92. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 223 : “Yaghmurāsan appointed his son,
‘Uthmān, his successor, and it is said that (za‘amū anna) he advised him not to al-
low himself (lā yuḥddithu nafsahu) to be drawn into battle with the Marīnids or a
contest against them (musāmātihim fi’l- ghalab) and not to expose himself on their
territory in the desert, but to take refuge (yalūdh) behind walls until they summon
him [to battle].”
93. ACA, R. 19 , fol. 6 r: “Nos ab vos et vos ab nos et puis que romanga aquella
pau entrels vestres fills et los nostres en tal manera que vos nos façatz
a prendre Cepta et que nos envietz X naus armades et X galees et entre altres
lenys et barques que sien a summa de L.... Et quens envietz D entre cavallers et
homnes de linyatge.” See also Dufourcq, L’Espagne catalane, 164.
94. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 199 (first expedition); ibid., VII: 203 – 4
(second expedition); ibid., VII: 213 – 14 (third expedition); ibid., VII: 215 – 17
(fourth expedition). For the fourth expedition, see also Muḥammad b. Aḥmad
Ibn Marzūq, al- Musnad al- ṣaḥīḥ al- ḥasan f ī ma’āthir wa- maḥāsin mawlānā Abī’l-
Ḥasan, ed. M. J. Viguera, 115 , which gives slightly different dates. Lisān al- Dīn
Ibn al- Khaṭīb, al- Lamḥa al- badriyya fi’l- dawla al- Naṣriyya, ed. Aḥmad ‘Āṣī and
Muḥibb al- Dīn al- Khaṭīb, 54 – 55 , says only that Abū Yūsuf crossed over three or
more times. See also Miguel Ángel Manzano Rodríguez, La intervención de los
Benimerines en la Península Ibérica, esp. 42 – 44 , 52 – 54.
95. Anonymous, al- Dhakhīra al- saniyya, 143 – 46 , cit. 145 – 46. Although the
translation is my own, the edition of the Dhakhīra available to me excludes three
lines from the edition employed by L. P. Harvey, Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500 , 155 –
56. See also Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 199 , which states these troops were
salaried (istawfaw ‘aṭā’ahum), meaning that they were not volunteers.
96. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 201 : “Looking to establish a city along the
shore for the purpose of housing his troops, isolated from civilians (ra‘iyya) so that