172 notes to pages 36–39
Viguera Molins, “La organización militar,” 37 – 38 , agreed that the Iberian Muslims
abandoned light cavalry and adopted the strategies of their Christian neighbors to
the north until the arrival of North African troops in the thirteenth century.
124. Ibn al- Khaṭīb, al- Lamḥa, 39 : “As for the Andalusi, a close relative (al-
qarāba) or man of prominence in the state leads as their captain. Previously,
their uniform (ziyyuhum) was like that of their neighbors and Christian counter-
parts ( jīrānihim wa- amthālihim min al- rūm) with regards to wearing long coats
of mail (al-dur ū‘), suspending their shields (al- tirasa), using unadorned helmets
(al- bayḍāt), a preference for metal lances (ittikhād al- ‘irāḍ al- asinna), having mis-
shapen pommels (qarābīs al- surūj) on their saddles, and placing their standard-
bearers (ḥamalat al- rāyāt) on horses (istirkāb) behind them. Each one of them
had a mark that distinguished his weapons and made him known to others. Now,
they have moved away from this uniform, using shorter chain mail (al- jawāshin
al- mukhtaṣara), gilded helmets (al- bayḍa al- mudhahhaba), Arab saddles (al- surūj
al- ‘arabiyya), lamṭī shields, and light lances.” See Dozy, Supplément aux diction-
naires arabes, s.v. “lamṭ.” The lamṭī shield was a round leather shield used by North
African cavalry.
125. See also Cantigas de Santa Maria, fols. 68 v (Cantiga 46 ), 240 r (Cantiga
181 ), and 246 v (Cantiga 187 ).
126. Arié, L’Espagne musulmane, 250.
127. See, for instance, the cases of Badr al- Dīn b. Mūsā b. Raḥḥū, Jamāl al- Dīn
b. Mūsā b. Raḥḥū, and Idrīs b. ‘Uthmān b. Abī al- ‘Ulā, discussed in chapter 6.
128. See chapters 2 , 5 , and particularly 6 for more detail about these figures.
129. As Echevarría, Caballeros en la frontera, demonstrates, Marīnid princes,
some of whom converted to Christianity, also served the Castilian kings in the
fifteenth century.
Chapter Two
- Part of this chapter appeared previously in Hussein Fancy, “Theologies of
Violence: The Recruitment of Muslim Soldiers by the Crown of Aragon,” Past &
Present 221 , no. 1 ( 2013 ): 39 – 73. - On the peace treaty, see Muntaner, Crònica, chaps. 41 , 47.
- ACA, R. 52 , fol. 66 v ( 28 Oct. 1284 ): “Bernardo Scribe, mandamus vobis
quatenus per Raimundum de Rivosicco faciatis tradi nobili Corrado Lancee,
[h]ostiar[io] maiori ac magistro racionali domus nostre, Sarracenos captivos quos
ipse tenet, qui s[unt] de terra [Re]gis Granate, et unicuique dictorum Saracenorum
faciatis dari predictum Raimundum [t]unicam et ex[p]ensarium usque ad dictum
Regem Granate... .” - ACA, R. 43 , fol. 82 r ( 10 Dec. 1284 ): “Viro nobili et dilecto Conrado Lancee,
maiori host[i]ario nostro ac magistro racionali curie nostre, mandamus quatenus