notes to page 42 175
- Albert de Circourt, Histoire des Mores mudejares et des Morisques, ou des
Arabes d’Espagne sous la domination des chrétiens, esp. I: 257 ; and Luis Querol y
Roso, Las milicias valencianas desde el siglo xiii al xv: contribución al estudio de
la organización militar del antiguo reino de Valencia. For his part, Circourt con-
sidered the Mudéjares exempt from the army, the key to their success under the
Crown of Aragon. Both Burns, Islam under the Crusaders, esp. 289 – 94 , and Bos-
well, Royal Treasure, 185 – 92 , have definitively shown that Mudéjares were ex-
pected to service in the Crown’s army. A series of relevant documents is presented
in Mercédes García- Arenal and Béatrice Leroy, Moros y judíos en Navarra en la
baja Edad Media, esp. 77 – 78. See also Ferrer i Mallol, La frontera, 31 – 35 ; Catlos,
Victors and the Vanquished, 263 ; and Echevarría, Caballeros en la frontera, 99. - AHN, Ordines militares, codex 542 , Montesa ( 28 Apr. 1234 ): “Contra sarra-
cenos alios aut christianos nisi forte aliqui sarraceni aut christiani facerent aliquod
malefficium vel forciam vel gravamen casto suo et rebus; et tunc mauri Exiverti
una cum fratribus deffenderent se suaque secundum posse suum.” Tomás Muñoz y
Romero, Colección de fueros municipales y cartas pueblas de los reinos de Castilla,
León, Corona de Aragón y Navarra, 416 : “Et non faciat exire moro in appellito per
forza in guerra de moros nec de christianos.” Burns, Islam under the Crusaders,
119 ; and Boswell, Royal Treasure, 171 , 272. - For instance, see ACA, R. 10 , fol. 77 r – v ( 16 June 1258 ); ACA, R. 12 ,
fol. 124 v (Oct. 1263 ); ACA, R. 14 , fol. 109 r ( 21 Jan. 1271 ); and ACA, R. 46 ,
fol. 221 r ( 9 July 1284 ). See Catlos, The Victors and the Vanquished, 129 – 30 , on the
Mudéjar claims for exemption ( franquitas). - ACA, R. 11 , fol. 154 r ( 7 Oct. 1259 ).
- ACA, R. 43 , fol. 105 v ( 18 Jan. 1285 ), makes it clear that the Mudéjares of
Valencia were under a feudal obligation to appear for service: “Universis aliamis
Sarracenorum nostrorum Regni Valencie citra Rivum Xucare ad quos presentes
pervenerint, salutem et graciam. Cum racione negociorum in quibus sum[us] ar-
duorum sicut scitis et in estate proxima esse speramus, nos deceat nostros exer-
citus facere preparari ac etiam congregari ut possimus resistere nostris hostibus
quisunt indebite aufferre nobis regna nostra, nostrum nomine regium
inmutando, fidelitatem vestram attente requirimus ac vobis dicimus et mandamus
quatenus visis hostentibus paretis vestris cum [a]rmis et aliis apparatibus vestras
et pane ad quatuor menses. Ita quod in medio mensis Aprilis proximo venturi sitis
nobiscum ubicumque vobis [tunc] duxerimus in[iu]ngendum, ut similiter vobiscum
possimus dictos hostes nostros offendere d[ivino] auxilio mediante. Scientes quod
de dicto exercitu vos excusavissemus liberter si illud bono modo fieri potuisset.
Datum in Monte Regali XV kalendas Februarii. Similiter litera missa sint universis
aliamis Sarracenorum Regni Valencie ultra Rivum Xucari.” See also Echevarría,
Caballeros en la frontera, 99 , for the case of the Mudéjares of Ávila. - ACA, R. 57 , fol. 203 r ( 13 Sep. 1285 ), an order to the procurator of Valencia
to not compel any Muslim present at the defense of Gerona to contribute to the