214 notes to pages 89–90
- Frank, “Reverter,” 201 – 2 ; Clement, “Reverter,” 95 ; and Dufourcq,
L’Espagne catalane, 21. - Maya Sánchez, Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris, ii.§ 110 , as cited in Barton,
“Traitors to the Faith?” 28. See also Jean- Pierre Molénat, “L’organization mili-
taire des Almohades,” in Los almohades: problemas y perspectivas, ed. Patrice
Cressier, Maribel Fierro, and Luis Molina, 554 ; and Halima Ferhat, “Lignages et
individus dans le système du pouvoir Almohade,” in Los Almohades: problemas y
perspectivas, ed. Patrice Cressier, Maribel Fierro, and Luis Molina, 685 – 709. - On the various interpretations of “Ifarkhān,” see Lapiedra, “Christian par-
ticipation,” 238 ; Victoria Aguilar Sebastian, “Instituciones militares. El ejército,”
in El retroceso territorial de al- Andalus. Almorávides y Almohades, siglos XI al XIII,
ed. María Jesús Viguera Molins: 207 ; and Clement, “Reverter,” 81. - Salicrú, “Mercenaires castillans,” 418.
- See Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 69 , on Don Enrique (Dūn Alrīk).
- David Lopes, “O Cid portugues: Geraldo Sempavor,” Revista Portuguesa
de Historia 1 ( 1940 ): 93 – 109 ; and Eva Lapiedra, “Giraldo Sem Pavor: Alfonso En-
ríquez y los Almohades,” in Bataliús: el reino taifa de Badajoz: estudios, ed. Fer-
nando Díaz Esteban, 147 – 58. The Castilian prince Don Enrique also served the
Almohads. - Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VI: 270. See also Barton, “Traitors to the Faith?”
33 ; and García Sanjuán, “Mercenarios cristianos,” 437. Alemany, “Milicias cristia-
nas,” 138 – 39 , connects the rise in the number of these soldiers to al- Ma’mūn’s rejec-
tion of Ibn Tūmart. - P. de Cenival, “L’Église chrétienne de Marrakech au XIIIe siècle,” Hespéris
7 ( 1927 ): 69 – 84. - Alemany, “Milicias cristianas,” 138 – 39 ; Clement, “Reverter,” 81 ; Barton,
“Traitors to the Faith?” 30 ; and García Sanjuán, “Mercenarios cristianos,” 438. - Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, I: 214 , translation adapted from Rosenthal,
trans. Muqaddimah, 227. - See Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VI: 272 – 73 , for the use of the Christian
militia against the rebelling Khulṭ tribe. See also García Sanjuán, “Mercenarios
cristianos,” 439 – 40 ; and Ambrosio Huici Miranda, Historia política del imperio
Almohade, II: 465. See also ‘Umar Mūsā ‘Izz al- Dīn, “Al- Tanẓīmāt al- ḥizbiyya
‘inda- l- Muwaḥḥidīn f ī- l- Maghrib,” Al- Abḥāth 23 ( 1970 ): 52 – 89 ; and Fāyiza Kalās,
“Al- Jaysh ‘inda- l- Muwaḥḥidīn,” Dirāsāt Tārīkhiyya 31 – 32 ( 1989 ): 197 – 218. - Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, I: 211 – 15 , suggests that this was generally true
for North African rulers when it came to Christian soldiers. - Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 179.
- Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 182 ff and VI: 279 ; and ACA, R. 15 ,
fol. 130 v ( 3 Feb. 1268 ). See also García Sanjuán, “Mercenarios cristianos,” 439 – 40 ;
and Alemany, “Milicias cristianas,” 130 – 40. - For example, Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 180 , on the Marīnids.