notes to pages 90–91 215
- Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 83 , and cit. 88 – 89. Upon the capture of
Tlemcen, Abū Yaḥyā Yaghmurāsan, the dynasty’s founder, incorporated Chris-
tian (al- ‘asākir min al- rūm) and Kurdish (ghuzz) lanciers and archers (rāmiḥa
wa- nāshiba). These Christian troops grew so powerful that they conspired against
Yaghmurāsan. A failed coup attempt prompted the populace to turn against these
troops and massacre them, according to Ibn Khaldūn. - ACA, R 55 , fol. 49 v ( 1291 ).
- See the letters, purported to be translated from Arabic, from Spanish
knights seeking employment in North Africa in the Manuel González Jiménez,
ed., Crónica de Alfonso X, 70 – 75. On the sons of Ferdinand III, see Alemany,
“Milicias cristianas,” 161. On Guzmán el Bueno, see Miguel Ángel Ladero Que-
sada, “Una biografía caballeresca del siglo XV: ‘La Cronica del yllustre y muy
magnifico cauallero don Alonso Perez de Guzman el Bueno,’ ” En la España Me-
dieval 22 ( 1999 ): 247 – 83 ; and Luisa Isabel Alvarez de Toledo, “Guzmán el Bueno,
entre la leyenda y la historia,” Estudios de historia y de arqueología medievales 7 – 9
( 1987 ): 41 – 58. The primary source for the life of Guzmán el Bueno is the sixteenth-
century account in Pedro Barrantes Maldonado, Ilustraciones de la Casa de Niebla,
ed. Federico Devis Márquez. - Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VI: 318 – 19 , on the royal guard of the Ḥafṣids;
Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 109 , on the royal guard of the ‘Abd al- Wādids;
and Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 250 , on the royal guard of the Marīnids. See
also Alemany, “Milicias critianas,” 160 ; and Clement, “Reverter,” 82. - Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, I: 214 , translation adapted from Rosenthal,
trans. Muqaddimah, 227 – 28. - Salicrú, “Mercenaires castillans,” 419 , which calls it an “affair of state.”
- For Tunis, see ACA, R. 13 , fol. 216 r (Sep. 1264 ); ACA, R. 21 , fol. 140 v
(s.a.); ACA, R. 46 , fol. 120 r (Sep. 1283 ); ACA, R. 47 , fols. 81 r – 82 v, cit. 82 v (June
1285 ): “Item que tots los cavallers o homems darmes crestians qui son huy, ne seran
daqui avant, en la senyoria del rey de Tunis, que y sien tots per nos, et que nos lus
donem cap aquel que nos vulrem”; and ACA, R. 100 , fol. 258 r. See also Dufourcq,
L’Espagne catalane, 150 – 51 ; Giménez Soler, “Caballeros españoles,” 303 – 4. For
Tlemcen, see ACA, R. 14 , fol. 141 r ( 1272 ): “Comendamus et concedimus vobis no-
bili et dilecto nostro G. Gaucerandi, alcaydiam Tirimicii Christianorum terre nostre
militum scilicet mercatorum et quorumlibet aliorum hominum terre et iurisdic-
cionis nostre qui ibi sunt vel fuerint constituti... .” In addition, see ACA, R. 14 ,
fol. 142 v ( 1272 ); ACA, R. 40 , fol. 53 v ( 1277 ); ACA, R. 73 , fols. 104 v – 105 r (May 1291 );
ACA, R. 93 , fol. 281 v (Oct. 1292 ); and ACA, R. 337 , fol. 260 v ( 1315 ). See also Ale-
many, “Milicias cristianas,” 160 – 61 ; and Dufourcq, L’Espagne catalane, 272. - The Castilian and Aragonese troops supported various political factions
in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. For instance, see ACA, CR,
Jaume II, caixa 22 , no. 2863 ( 1307 ); and ACA, CR, Jaume II, caixa 118 , sin fecha,
no. 986 (s.a.), for the involvement of Aragonese troops in a rebellion against Abu