notes to pages 113–114 235
- ACA, Bulas, legajo VI, no. 19 ( 8 Jan. 1239 ).
- Abū al- Ḥasan ‘Alī b. Muḥammad al- Makhzūmī Ibn Ḥarīq of Valencia
(d. 1225 ), who was the teacher of the well- known scholar Ibn al- Abbār, wrote
these lines on the eve of the Jaume I’s conquest ( 1238 ). See A. R. Nykl, Hispano-
Arabic Poetry and Its Relations with the Old Provençal Troubadours, 331 , as cited
in Burns, Islam Under the Crusaders, 3. - On the military strength of the region, see Llibre dels feyts, chap. 128 ; Des-
clot, Crònica, chap. 49. - A week after the surrender noted above, Pere issued an order to his officers
in Algeciras (a port briefly under Castilian rule in this period) that this treaty
should be upheld, providing evidence that some jenets did in fact leave after the
pacification of Valencia. ACA, R. 38 , fol. 33 v ( 7 Sep. 1276 ): “Infans Petrus et cet-
era, fidelibus suis baiulo, iusticie, iuratis et universis hominibus Alyazire, salutem
et graciam. Sciatis quod nos accipimus et habemus ab hodierna die dominica us-
que in tres menses continere [sic] vent[ur]os et completos treguas cum janetis et
omnibus aliis Sarracenis locorum Regni Valencie et castrorum qui s[e] contra nos
alciaverunttamen castris et locis ac que tenet alcaydus Abrahim et
excepto castro de Alcalano, Vallis de Alfandec, de Marynenen, et Sarracenis dic-
torum castrorum et rebus eorumdem. Quare mandamus vobis quatenus dictam
treguam per totum dictum tempus observetis et infra dictum tempus non oportet
vos similiter vel res vestras cav[e]re a janetis vel aliquibus Saracenis dictorum cas-
trorum et locorum qui sunt in tregua predicta quam quidem treguam precon[i]zant
per Alyaziram visis presentibus faciatis. Datum Xative VIII idus Septembris anno
domini MCCLXXVI.” - On the Mudéjares of Valencia, see Burns, Crusader Kingdom of Valencia;
idem, Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Crusader Kingdom of Valencia: Societies
in Symbiosis; Josep Torró Abad, El naixement d’una colònia; Ferrer i Mallol, La
frontera amb l’Islam; and Mark D. Meyerson, The Muslims of Valencia in the Age
of Fernando and Isabel: Between Coexistence and Crusade. - The surrender agreement at Chivert (AHN, Ordines militares, codex 542 ,
Montesa [ 28 Apr. 1234 ]) preserved the right to maintain mosques and prayer.
Jaume I also conceded to the Muslims of Játiva the right to build a new mosque
in 1273 (ACA, R 21 , fol. 151 v [ 7 June 1273 ]). Jaume II protected the right of the
Muslims of Alagón (ACA, R 90 , fol. 85 v [ 6 Oct. 1291 ]) and Ricla (ACA, R 94 ,
fols. 144 v – 145 r [ 27 Dec. 1292 ]) against Christian encroachments or opposition. In
the latter case, Christians blocked Muslims from entering their mosque. For more
on the issue, see Ferrer i Mallol, Els sarraïns, 85 – 94 ; and Ana Echevarría Arsuaga,
“De cadí a alcalde mayor. La élite judicial Mudéjar en el siglo XV,” Al- Qanṭara 1
( 2003 ): 139 – 68. - ACA, R. 19 , fol. 83 r ( 16 Dec. 1273 ).
- Mudéjares had a variety of community leaders: alcaydus (al- qā’id), alamin
(al- amīn), çalmedina (ṣāḥib al- madīna), almotacen (al- muḥtasib), and almoixerif
(al- musharrif ), whose roles seem to have overlapped extensively, particularly in