236 notes to pages 114–115
rural communities. The spelling of these titles varies widely in the chancery regis-
ters. See also Jean- Pierre Molénat, “L’élite Mudéjare dans la Péninsule Ibérique
médiévale,” in Elites e redes clientelares na Idade Média: problemas metodológicos,
ed. F. T. Barata, 45 – 53.
81. The early surrender charters of Chivert ( 1234 ), Játiva ( 1245 ), and Tudela
( 1115 ) allowed that Muslims would be judged by a Muslim judge. Complaints
abound that royal officials violated Mudéjar legal autonomy (ACA, R. 48 , fol. 20 v;
ACA, R. 89 , fol. 41 r; ACA, R. 99 , fol. 277 r; ACA, R. 100 , fol. 272 v; and ACA,
R. 213 , fol. 275 r, for various examples). See also Burns, Islam under the Crusad-
ers, 228 ; Boswell, Royal Treasure, 65 – 66 , 108 , 142 ; Boswell, Royal Treasure, 65 – 66 ;
Catlos, Victors and the Vanquished, 177 – 78 ; and Echavarría, “De cadí a alcalde
mayor.”
82. There is evidence in the chancery registers that Arabic continued to be used
by Mudéjares throughout the kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon at the end of the
thirteenth century: ACA, R. 11 , fol. 199 (Játiva); ACA, R. 12 , fol. 76 v (Lérida);
ACA, R. 40 , fol. 166 (Zaragoza); and ACA, R. 48 , fol. 7 v (La Algecira). Cf. Bos-
well, Royal Treasure, 384 , claiming that Arabic was used only in Valencia. See
also Carmen Barceló, “La lengua àrab al País Valencia (segles VIII al XVI),” Ar-
guments 4 ( 1979 ): 123 – 49 ; and Maria Dolors Bramon Planas, “Una llengua, dues
llengües, tres llengües,” in Raons d’identitat del País Valencia, ed. Pere Sisé, 17 – 47.
83. Burns, Islam under the Crusaders, 188.
84. Burns, Islam under the Crusaders, 273.
85. See, for instance, ACA, R. 82 , fols. 61 v – 62 r ( 2 July 1290 ).
86. ACA, R. 74 , fol. 11 r ( 25 Oct. 1287 ), with full citation in n 59 , above: “Aljamis
Sarracenorum Dalmoneçir et de Alfamen et janetis ibidem existentibus et aliis
universis ad quos presentes et cetera... .”
87. They moved into houses previously owned by another Muslim. ACA, R. 44 ,
fol. 178 v ( 16 May 1280 ), with citation in n 9 , above.
88. ACA, R. 82 , fol. 3 v ( 7 Jan. 1290 ): “Raimundo Scorne [quod]... Daut
Alma[..] expensam idoneam de quibus possit ducere vitam suam in civitate Valen-
cie et quod recipiat [a]lbaranum et cetera. Datum in Alcoleya, VI idus Ianuarii.”
See Gazulla, “Zenetes,” 194.
89. ACA, R. 199 , fol. 55 r ( 4 Mar. 1301 ): “... Cum nos Muçe Aventauri, janeto
nostro, propter plurima servicia quod cum nobis exhibita gratiose dare conces-
serimus unum hereditamentum idoneum et suficienter de illis que in regno Murcie
nostre curie confiscata sunt seu confiscabuntur de quo sustentare valeat idonee
vitam suam et familie sue... ,” with full citation in n 31 , above.
90. See chapter 6 for a fuller discussion.
91. Whereas travelers and traders had to reside in the merchant hostel in the
morería, the king occasionally granted the privilege of staying inside the city to for-
eign dignitaries, who may have taken offense at an association with the Mudéjares.
For instance, in 1277 , two Muslim vistors from Tangia (Ṭanja, modern Tangiers)