It represents a foreign Nordic tradition of rock carving which suggests a Nordic
chief or artisan, rather than local graffiti. Also, the famous Rørby sword and the
early ship iconography in Scandinavia not only resemble the Minoan ship type,
but the iconographic representation with the dotted lines is paralleled in late
Middle Helladic pottery (Fig. 92). It is impossible to understand the Rørby ship
without these Mediterranean prototypes.110 Kristiansen and Larsson 2005, p. 208.
111 On the chariot carvings see Johannsen 2010.
112 Johannsen 2010, pp. 166–175. These are the vehicles of Groups A and B in
Johannsen’s typology.
113 Johannsen, 2010, p. 177, Fig. 12.
114 Johannsen 2010, p. 182.
115 Johannsen 2010, p. 161, dates it “around 1400 BC, e.g. Period II.” Johannsen also
mentions two miniature bronze stallions included in a hoard from Period II found at
Helsingborg, Scania.
116 Randsborg 1991, and Randsborg 2010, pp. 251–254.
117 See Randsborg 2010, p. 251: “The debate is over whether the artefacts are functionally
usable or merely symbolic editions of otherwise wooden items.”
118 Hüttel 1981, p. 103.
119 Johannsen 2010, p. 160:
Similar, but unornamented, rod-shaped cheek pieces are known from Emb in
Jutland, and according to Sara H. Jensen there are several unpublished rod-shaped
cheek pieces made of organic material in the collections of Danish museums
(Sara H. Jensen, pers. comm. 2009).120 Harding and Hughes-Brock 1974, p. 153.
121 Nicolis 2013, p. 694.
122 Cardarelli 2009, p. 456.
123 Cardarelli 2009, p. 450.
124 Bianco Peroni 1970. This was the first volume of Abteilung IV, the section of the
Prähistorische Bronzefundeseries devoted to swords.
125 On the important Olmo di Nogara site see Salzani 2005. On the votive deposit in the
Tartaro see Bietti Sestieri et al. 2013.
126 Salzani 2005, p. 538.
127 Salzani 2005, p. 537.
128 Salzani 2005, p. 298: “Naturalmente, la spade è presente sempre in tombe di individui
maschili, di età adulta o anziana.”
129 Schauer 1971, pp. 21–22: “Es ist erstaunlich, wie wenig haltbar die Sauerbrunn-
Schwertklingen mit dem Griff aus organischem Material verbunden waren. Der
Erhaltungszustand lässt vermuten, dass die Niete bei kräftig geführten Stössen oder
Rapierschlägen ausrissen.”
130 Bianco Peroni 1970, p. 13: The seven Sauerbrunn swords (Nrs. 1–7) seem to date
“ad una fase iniziale della media età del bronzo italiana, corrispondente grosso modo
alla fase Bronzo B 1 dell’Europa Centrale.”
131 Kemenczei 1988, nos. 1–63. See also no. 149, which is a Sauerbrunn from Keszthely
(although Kemenczei tends not to use the term “Sauerbrunn”).
132 See Kemenczei 1988, pp. 8–9. His nos. 1–2 are copper daggers, dating from the
Kupferzeit. Nos. 3–5 (and possibly nos. 3–12) are bronze daggers dating “an den
Beginn der ungarischen Bronzezeit.”
133 See Neumann 2009, Abb. 1 for the five-stage evolution from the Sauerbrunn to the
Boiu IIb.
134 Cowen 1961, p. 208.
174 Militarism in temperate Europe