glossary 563
Gizyah or Giz’yah a poll tax paid by non-Muslim subjects (dhimmiyyun) who lived
or al-jizya under a “pact of protection (dhimma)” in the dar al-Islam (the
portion of the world under Islamic political authority).
Habitatores literally, “dwellers.” Term generally used to describe Jews who
were protected in private and legal life by common principles
and by local council privileges and concessions.
Hypogaeum a crypt or underground cave for a shrine or a tomb.
Interdetto interdiction. An ecclesiastical sanction of the Roman Church
forbidding those who had distanced themselves from orthodox
Catholic rites from participating in public functions or admis-
tering the sacraments.
Ius ademprivii right to use public lands, exercised by villagers for their
livelihood.
Ius naturale by natural law.
al-jizya see Gizyah.
Juderia a Jewish quarter within a city. This definition refers only to set-
tlement patterns, not privileges of governance.
Judex judge or giudice, the ruler of each giudicato or donnu.
Juez a Jewish expert in Jewish law.
Kahal the local governing body of a Jewish community that adminis-
ters religious, legal, and civic affairs.
Legatarius or legati official representatives of the Roman Church.
Liberi maiorales large landowners who were often related to the giudici, but not
subjected to vassal restrictions.
Logu Territorial environment of each giudicato or judgeship.
Majorales elders, the greatest exponents of the freemen class.
Mastros de ludu builders who worked with sun-dried straw and mud bricks.
Mastros de pedra/ professional/master masons.
de muru
Milites knights, subject to military service.
Mujahid (Arabic) someone engaged in jihad, mostly related to military
operations.
Palatia regia royal palace.
Pallio white woolen scarf with frontal pendants, given by the pope to
the new archbishop to indicate his union and acceptance of the
pope’s authority.
Pattista reciprocity of rights and obligations between the king and the
privileged classes.
Pauperes poor men, but could also mean laymen generally.