198 benjamin arbel
Finally, the migration from one Venetian colony to another as a con-
sequence of Ottoman conquests can also be considered an expression of
fidelity to Venice, and the same applies, at least partly, to the settlement
of colonial subjects in Venice itself, where communities of Dalmatians,
Albanians and Greeks, most of them originating from the overseas colo-
nies, settled in great numbers, and sometimes gained prominent positions
in Venetian society.279
VIII. The Burden of DefenseGeneral Characteristics
Venice was not totally innocent of offensive intentions or actions in the
maritime front. The image of a continuous contraction of the stato da
mar during the early modern centuries is partly misleading, as witnessed
279 E.g., Marianna Kolyvà, “Varie siano le anime de li abitanti. Προσφυγικοί πληθυσμοί
στη Ζάκυνθο (16ος αιώνας),” in Chrysa A. Maltezou, ed., Πλούσιοι και φτωχοί στην κοινωνία της
ελληνολατινικής ανατολής (Venice, 1998), pp. 419–27 (settlement in Zante); Stamatoula S.
Zapandi, Κεφαλονιά 1500–1571. Η συγκρότηση της κοινωνίας του νησιού (Thessalonika, 1999),
p. 142 (settlement in Cephalonia); Benjamin Arbel, “Régime colonial, colonisation et
peuplement: le cas de Chypre sous la domination vénitienne,” Sources. Travaux historiques
43–44 (1995), p. 101 and n. 27, repr. in Arbel, Cyprus, article no. III (refugees from Nauplia
in Cyprus); Marianna Kolyvà-Karaleka, “Αποκατάσταση Ναυπλιωτών και Μονεμβασιωτών
στην Κρήτη το 1548,” Byzantinisch-Neugrichischen Jahrbücher 22 (1983), 375–452 (refugees
from Nauplia and Malvasia in Crete); Kostas T. Tsiknakis, “Κύπριοι πρόσφυγες στην Κρήτη
στα τέλη του 16ου αιώνα. Προβλήματα εγκατάστασης,” in Chrysa Maltezou, ed., Κύπρος-
Βενετία. Κοινές ιστορικές τύχες (Venice, 2002), pp. 175–207 (Cypriots in Crete); Oliver Jens
Schmitt, “Das venezianische Südosteuropa als Kommunikationsraum (ca. 1400–ca. 1600),”
in Gherardo Ortalli and Oliver Schmitt, eds., Balcani occidentali, Adriatico e Venezia fra
XIII e XVIII secolo- Der westliche Balkan, der Adriaraum und Venedig (13.–18. Jahrhundert)
(Vienna/Venice, 2009), pp. 90–91 (Cypriots in 17th-century Pola). For settlement in Venice,
see, for example, Manoussos I. Manoussakas, “The History of the Greek Confraternity
(1498–1982) and the Activity of the Greek Institute of Venice (1966–1982),” Modern Greek
Studies Yearbook 5 (1989), 320–94; Brunehilde Imhaus, Le minoranze orientali a Venezia,
1300–1510 (Rome, 1997), pp. 279–87, 435–554; Reinhold C. Mueller, “Greeks in Venice and
Venetians in Greece,” in Chryssa A. Maltezou, ed., Ricchi e poveri nella società dell’Oriente
grecolatino (Venice, 1998), pp. 169–80; Giorgio [Yeoryios] S. Ploumidis, “Considerazioni
sulla popolazione greca a Venezia nella seconda metà del ’500.” Studi veneziani 14 (1972),
222; Brunehilde Imhaus, “La minorité chypriote de Venise du XVIe siècle au début du
XVIIe siècle,” in Yannis Ioannou, Françoise Metral, and Margherite Yon, eds., Chypre
et la Méditéranée orientale (Lyons, 2000), pp. 33–42; Alain Ducellier, “Les Albanais à
Venise aux XIVe et XVe siècles,” Travaux et Mémoires 2 (1967), 405–20; Freddy Thiriet,
“Sur les communautés grecques et albanaises à Venise,” in Hans Georg Beck, Manoussos
Manoussakas, and Agostino Pertusi, eds., Venezia, centro di mediazione tra Oriente e
Occidente (secoli XV–XVI), 2 vols (Florence, 1977), 1:218–31; Lucia Nadin, Migrazioni e
integrazione. Il caso degli albanesi a Venezia (1479–1552) (Rome, 2008).