150 Coureas
the Greeks, as well as by their arrogation of Greek ecclesiastical properties,
nonetheless came to accept the conquest as ultimately facilitating the sub-
mission of the Greek Church to Rome. This impelled him to eventually accept
Tomasso Morosini as the new Latin patriarch of Constantinople in 1205, not-
withstanding the fact that he had been elected uncanonically.15 The rivalries
between the Franks and Venetians in Constantinople over control of the Latin
patriarchate continued, with the first three patriarchs being Venetians. In
1226 Pope Honorius appointed the Frenchman Jean Halgrin, who had helped
preach the Fifth Crusade but declined the post citing ill health. The next Latin
patriarch in 1229 was Simon de Maugastel, of unknown national origin, and in
1233 the Piacenzan Nicholas, after whose death in 1251 the Venetian Pantaleone
Giustiniani was appointed in 1253. He was the last resident Latin patriarch,
for by then the Latin Empire was moribund, and in 1261 the Byzantines re-
conquered Constantinople.16 All this was still in the future in 1204 when the
Greek ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople, John X Camateros, fled first
to Selymbria and then to Didymoteichon, declining Theodore Laskaris’s
offer to re-establish the ecumenical patriarchate in Nicaea and dying in exile
in 1206. The pope instructed the new Latin patriarch to have vacant episco-
pal sees with a Greek population filled by Greek bishops loyal to Rome, and
those with a mixed Latin and Greek population by Latins, the implicit assump-
tion being that the Greeks is such sees would be ministered by a protopapas,
namely a Greek arch-priest acting as the Latin bishop’s vicar, as was happening
in parts of Sicily and southern Italy.17
In practice the situation on the ground was more complex. Some Greek
bishops, such as those of Rhaedestos (Rodosto) and Euboea (Negroponte)
did submit to Rome, and Pope Innocent iii stated that they did not need re-
consecration after the Latin manner. One observes that Patriarch Morosini
also attempted to have newly installed Latin archbishops placed under his
jurisdiction, not always with success. Pope Innocent iii rejected his claim in
1206 that the Latin archbishop of Cyprus came under his jurisdiction on the
15 Joan Hussey, The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire (Oxford, 1986), pp. 186–88;
Robert Lee Wolff, “Politics in the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople, 1204–1261,”
Dumbarton Oaks Papers 8 (1954), 227–29; idem, “The Organization of the Latin Patriarchate
of Constantinople, 1204–1261,” Traditio 6 (1948), 33–35; Lock, Franks, pp. 196–99.
16 Wolff, “Politics,” pp. 229–30 and 283–95; Claverie, Honorius iii, pp. 148–49.
17 Hussey, Orthodox Church, pp. 188–89; Lock, Franks, p. 187; Wolff, “Organization,” pp. 34–35;
Jean Richard, “The Establishment of the Latin Church in the Empire of Constantinople
(1204–1227),” in Latins and Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean after 1204, ed. Benjamin
Arbel, Bernard Hamilton and David Jacoby (London, 1989) [= Mediterranean Historical
Review 4:1 (1989)], p. 47; Claverie, Honorius iii, pp. 205–06.