Money And Currency In Medieval Greece 225
although some of the monetary functions which have been ascribed to such
objects in the 14th century are doubtful. In neighbouring Albania, site finds
and hoards are now known from a number of locations, thanks to the older
publications by Hëna Spahiu and Damian Komata, and more recent excava-
tions conducted under the direction of Skënder Muçaj. Medieval Greek coins
have been extensively published also from other countries/areas, and this
has become a significant stream of enquiry.26 Within Greece, a number of
regional medieval monetary surveys have been attempted.27 A recent survey
by Penna of money in the 13th-century Peloponnese provides a comprehen-
sive account of hoards of Byzantine-style coins, but largely leaves aside single
finds and coins of a western tradition. Finally, mention must be made of differ-
ent kinds of studies: one was another attempt, in the wake of Galani-Krikou’s
article, at explaining the presence of Venetian grossi in Greece;28 the second
was a consideration of one of the smaller mints (Neopatras) based on a cor-
pus of all extant specimens and a die study conducted by Baker and Galani-
Krikou. In addition to this plethora of individual studies on types, hoards and
excavation finds, for more comprehensive treatments scholars nevertheless
either have to continue referring back to the 19th century works mentioned
above, Metcalf ’s and Tzamalis’ books of 1979 and 1981 respectively, or Metcalf ’s
publication of the Ashmolean collection (1995), or indeed the 1994 book by
Alex G. Malloy and his collaborators. In this sense, some of the foreign coinages
which circulated in Greece have received newer and more reliable standard
references.29 Around 2004, the anniversary of the Fourth Crusade spurned
26 We should mention some of the more significant publications on western Europe
by Duplessy; on Italy by Lucia Travaini, Benedetto Carroccio and Daniele Castrizio,
Angela Degasperi, and Julian Baker; on different parts of the southern Balkans by Todor
Gerasimov, Jordanka Jurukova, Turan Gökyıldırım, Jean-Michel Saulnier, and Vangelis
Maladakis, and on the Levant by Julian Baker.
27 On the Cyclades by Julian Baker; on Thessaly and east central Greece by Baker, by
Nikolaou, and by Baker and Galani-Krikou; on Epirus and west central Greece by Galani-
Krikou and by Laiou. On Elis in the Peloponnese: Athanasoulis and Baker.
28 Ioannes Touratsoglou and Julian Baker, “Byzantium of the Venetians, Greece of the
‘grossi’,” in Bisanzio, Venezia e il mondo franco-greco (xiii–xv secolo): atti del colloquio
internazionale organizzato nel centenario della nascita di Raymond-Joseph Loenerz o.p.,
Venezia, 1–2 Dicembre 2000, ed. Chryssa A. Maltezou and Peter Schreiner (Venice, 2002),
pp. 203–33.
29 For all south Italian coins found there, see Philip Grierson and Lucia Travaini, Medieval
European Coinage. 14 Italy (iii) (South Italy, Sicily, Sardinia) (Cambridge, 1998); for
Campobasso, specifically the work of Giuseppe Ruotolo, Le zecche di Campobasso e