The Landscape of Medieval Greece 361
Isthmus, Akrocorinth, Argos, and Patras) as well as the Frankish ones (Akova,
Androusa, Kyveri, Ayionori, Mila, and Hagios Vasileios).100
New features tried out in France and the crusader states, like the concen-
tric planning of the fortifications were used first in Chlemoutsi, it seems, and
later on in Athens. The Athenian Acropolis was refurbished according to cru-
sader concentric rings of fortification, successive bastions, a fortified residence
(keep) at the northwest end of the Acropolis, and a domed hall built in the
Pinakotheke by the Franks (Figure 10.14). The Rizokastro wall and the bastion
that fortified the Klepsydra spring were built during the reign of the de La
Roche family in the mid-13th century while new buildings were constructed in
1395–1444 by the Acciaiuoli.101
100 Timothy Gregory, The Hexamilion and the Fortress (Princeton, 1993), esp. pp. 132–34; Bon,
La Morée Franque and idem, “The Medieval Fortifications of Acrocorinth and Vicinity,” in
Corinth, vol. 2, pt. 2, The Defenses of Acrocorinth and the Lower Town, ed. Rhys Carpenter
and Antoine Bon (Cambridge, Mass., 1936), pp. 128–81, 160–281; Andrews, The Castles of
the Morea.
101 Tasos Tanoulas, “The Athenian Acropolis as a Castle under Latin Rule (1204–1458): Military
and Building Technology,” in Τεχνογνωσία στην Λατινοκρατούμενη Ελλάδα [Technology in
Latin-Occupied Greece] (Athens, 2000), pp. 96–122, esp. 106–17; and idem, Τα Προπύλαια της
figure 10.14 General view of the Acropolis of Athens; James Stuart and Nicholas Revett,
The Antiquities of Athens, vol. 2 (London, 1787).
COURTESY OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES, THE GENNADIUS
LIBRARY.