406 Kalopissi-Verti
ambitious cross-in-square churches in Megaris86 and in Attica87 points to well-
to-do donors among the Greek Orthodox population. Large built storage ves-
sels (σιροί) and ceramic jars which came to light in clusters during excavations
confirm the production and storage of agrarian goods.88 This accumulated
wealth of agricultural products may be connected with the new developments
in commerce after the Fourth Crusade, with the growth of long-distance mar-
itime trade and shipping and with the integration of the Latin Romania, as
David Jacoby has observed, within the trans-Mediterranean trade pattern and
the western supply system.89
The Catalan Domination (1311–1388): The Monuments
The Catalans focused their building activities on erecting or restoring older
fortifications, castles and towers.90 In the Acropolis of Athens they did not
make any changes thus preserving the alterations implemented by the Franks
86 St Athanasius, St Nicholas at “Akres”, St George at “Orkos”, Holy Saviour; see Stoufi-
Poulimenou, Βυζαντινές Εκκλησίες, pp. 37–159.
87 For example, St Peter at Kalyvia Kouvara, Omorphe Ekklesia at Galatsi; see above.
88 “Το Έργο της 1ης ΕΒΑ 2000–2010” [“The Work of the First Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities
2000–2010”], Από το ανασκαφικό έργο των Εφορειών Αρχαιοτήτων [Concerning the Excavation
Work of the Ephorates of Antiquities], accessible at http://www.yppo.gr/0/anaskafes/
index.html (consulted in November 2012). Georgios Pallis, “Τοπογραφικά του αθηναϊκού
πεδίου κατά τη Λατινοκρατία” [“The Topography of Athenian Territory during the Latin
Rule”], in 10ο Συμπόσιο Ιστορίας και Λαογραφίας της Αττικής (Αχαρνές, 20–23 Οκτωβρίου 2011)
[Tenth Symposium of History and Folklore (Acharnes, 20–23 October 2011)] (forthcoming).
For storage jars in middle Byzantine Athens, see Charalambos Bouras, Βυζαντινή Αθήνα
10ος–12ος αι. [Byzantine Athens 10th-12th Centuries] (Athens, 2010), pp. 104–08.
89 David Jacoby, “Les états latins en Romanie: phénomènes sociaux et économiques (1204–
1350 environ),” in xve Congrès international d’études byzantines, 3 vols. (Athens, 1976),
1:42–48, esp. 45, repr. in Recherches sur la Méditerranée orientale du xiie au xve siècle
(London, 1979), I; idem, “From Byzantium to Latin Romania: Continuity and Change,”
Mediterranean Historical Review 4 (1989), 26–32, repr. in idem, Byzantium, Latin Romania
and the Mediterranean (Aldershot, 2001), viii; idem, “Changing Economic Patterns in
Latin Romania: The Impact of the West,” in The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium
and the Muslim World, ed. Angeliki E. Laiou and Roy Parviz Mottahedeh (Washington dc,
2001), pp. 220–33. See also idem, “The Economy of Latin Greece,” in the present volume.
90 Antoine Rubió y Lluch, Περί των καταλανικών φρουρίων της ηπειρωτικής Ελλάδος [On the
Catalan Fortresses of Mainland Greece], trans. Georgios N. Mavrakis (Athens, 1991); Nikos
Kontogiannis, “Ανιχνεύοντας την καταλανική Βοιωτία: η αμυντική οργάνωση του Δουκάτου των
Αθηνών κατά τον 14ο αιώνα” [“Tracing Catalan Boeotia: The Defensive Organisation of the
Duchy of Athens in the 14th Century”], in Η Καταλανο-Αραγωνική κυριαρχία στον ελληνικό
χώρο [Catalan and Aragonese Rule in Greece] (Athens, 2012), pp. 67–109.