422 chronological table
1217 11 February: Pope Honorius iii orders the sentence of excommunica-
tion against Villehardouin and de la Roche to be relaxed.
9 April: Peter de Courtenay crowned Latin emperor in Rome.
14 April: John Colonna appointed papal legate with powers to rational-
ise Latin dioceses in Greece and the Aegean.
17 April: Peter with a force of 160 knights and 5,500 foot set out to
capture Durazzo and re-open the Via Egnatia as they proceed to
Constantinople overland.
April–June: Peter and John Colonna are captured by the Epirotes. Peter
dies in captivity. His wife Yolande, the sister of Baldwin I, rules in his
name.
1218 Villehardouin and de la Roche excommunicated again for appropriat-
ing church revenues to build Chlemoutsi castle (completed 1223).
1219 Yolande arranges the marriage of her daughters Agnes to Geoffrey ii de
Villehardouin and Maria to Theodore Laskaris of Nicaea, both of which
strengthen the empire.
August: commercial treaty between Venice and Nicaea.
September: Yolande dies in Constantinople raising the question of the
succession. Regency council headed by Conon de Béthune and John
Colonna.
October: Parliament of Rodosto to resolve this issue.
8 November: death of Patriarch Gervais in Constantinople.
1221 31 January: Matthew, bishop of Jesolo, consecrated patriarch.
15 March: Robert de Courtenay, second son of Peter and Yolande
crowned emperor in Constantinople.
November: Theodore I Laskaris dies at Nicaea. Robert de Courtenay
supports Theodore’s brothers for the succession.
Demetrios of Thessalonica in Italy seeking military support for his
kingdom.
1222 Venice sends a second colonising expedition to Crete (Rethymnon).
1223 May: Pope Honorius calls for a crusade to aid Thessalonica, to be led by
William de Montferrat.
September: excommunication of Villehardouin and de la Roche lifted.
An agreement is reached regarding the Church in the Morea.
1224 March: William de Montferrat’s troops assemble at Brindisi.
April: Latin army from Constantinople attacks Serres as part of the
relief operation for Thessalonica.
May: Latins defeated at Poimanenon in Asia Minor, loosing most of
their territory there. The expedition for Thessalonica is aborted.
Emperor Robert appeals to Louis viii for armed assistance.