Extended Data Fig. 5 | Predicted topography for the area covered by the
Scandinavian Ice Sheet at 131 ka. The calculation is based on the LAM ice
history (see text) and an Earth model characterized by a lithosphere of 100 km
thickness, an upper mantle viscosity of 3 × 10^20 Pa s and a lower mantle viscosity
of 5 × 10^22 Pa s. The white zone in a represents the coverage of grounded ice
extent at this time and the dashed white line on this frame is the shoreline
location. b, As for a, except the area of ice coverage is removed. It is clear from a
that all but the southeast section of the perimeter of the Scandinavian ice sheet
is predicted to be marine-based at this time, and from b that much of the
interior of the ice sheet was also marine-based.