ab
0500 1000 1500 2000 25000
20
40
60
80
100
Days
Percent survival
VEGF-C low
VEGF-C hiVEGF-C lowVEGF-C hi0123456789Log2(Normalized Counts)****Healthy BrainGL261 Brain0100200300400VEGF-ATPM**
Healthy BrainGL261 Brain02468TPMVEGF-Cc d e
P<0.0001
P=0.003 P=0.0001P=0.49GBMcortex
amygdalabrodmann area 24 &9C1 segment
caudate nucleuscerebellar hemispherecerebellumhippocampushypothalamusnucleus accumbensputamensubstantia nigratibial nerve-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Log2(TPM)
VEGF-C
*******************0.24************************GBMcortex
amygdalabrodmann area 24 &9C1 segmentcaudate nucleuscerebellar hemispherecerebellum
hippocampushypothalamusnucleus accumbensputamensubstantia nigratibial nerve0
5
10
15
Log2(TPM)
VEGF-A
****************************************************Extended Data Fig. 2 | Correlation of VEGF-C expression prof iles between
human and mouse glioblastoma. a–c, RNA-seq data of tumour tissue and
healthy brain tissue from different regions (TCGA, study accession phs000178.
v10.p8, and GTEX, study accession phs000424.v7.p2, respectively.
a, b, Expression profiles of VEGF-A (a) and VEGF-C (b) (glioblastoma (GBM),
n = 147; cortex, n = 133; amygdala, n = 81; Brodmann areas 24 and 9, n = 215; C1
segment, n = 75; caudate nucleus, n = 135; cerebellar hemisphere, n = 1 1 5;
cerebellum, n = 146; hippocampus, n = 103; hypothalamus, n = 101; nucleus
accumbens, n = 125; putamen, n = 103; substantia nigra, n = 72; tibial nerve,
n = 329). c, RNA-seq data of mouse healthy brain and GL261 tumours were
analysed (n = 3 biologically independent samples). d, ONCLNC (www.oncolnc.
org) data of patients with glioblastoma stratified into two groups (VEGF-C low,
lower 33%; VEGF-C high, upper 33%; n = 50). e, Kaplan–Meier survival curves of
patients from d (n = 50). Data are mean ± s.d. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001;
****P < 0.0001 (two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test, two-sided log-rank
Mantel–Cox test or Pearson’s correlation).