My parents, Al and Rita Baumgarten, helped in more ways than can be re-
called—reading drafts of the manuscript, encouraging me, and providing on-
going support. I hope they will recognize some of what I have learned from
them in what follows. My sisters, Shoshana, Margalit, and Naama, all took in-
terest in this project and helped as well. Yaacov Deutsch has read this manu-
script more times than he cares to remember, making suggestions, referring
me to articles and sources, and discussing many of the issues explored here. He
has been my most severe critic and greatest support, and this book would never
have been completed without him. Words cannot express my gratitude for his
love and companionship over the years. It is to him and to our children,
Yonatan and Ayelet, that I dedicate this book.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii